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Effects of variations in atmospheric temperature and humidity on the estimation of exclusive breastfeeding status using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique

BackgroundThe deuterium dose-to-mother (DTM) method measures the human milk intake of breastfed children. Recently, the use of this method has been expanded to classify babies objectively as exclusively breast fed (EBF) or not (non-EBF) based on quantification of non-milk oral water intake (NMOI). H...

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Published in:Frontiers in pediatrics 2023-11, Vol.11, p.1188811-1188811
Main Authors: Baby, Jeswin, Kaestel, Pernille, Preston, Tom, Duffull, Stephen B., Liu, Zheng, Diana, Aly, Houghton, Lisa, Kurpad, Anura V., Thomas, Tinku
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container_end_page 1188811
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container_start_page 1188811
container_title Frontiers in pediatrics
container_volume 11
creator Baby, Jeswin
Kaestel, Pernille
Preston, Tom
Duffull, Stephen B.
Liu, Zheng
Diana, Aly
Houghton, Lisa
Kurpad, Anura V.
Thomas, Tinku
description BackgroundThe deuterium dose-to-mother (DTM) method measures the human milk intake of breastfed children. Recently, the use of this method has been expanded to classify babies objectively as exclusively breast fed (EBF) or not (non-EBF) based on quantification of non-milk oral water intake (NMOI). However, the calculation of NMOI estimates involves atmospheric temperature and humidity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of atmospheric temperature and humidity on NMOI calculation and the classification of exclusive breastfeeding.MethodsThe effect of indoor temperature and relative humidity on NMOI and the estimated prevalence of non-EBF were examined in two existing data sets of DTM in children by varying temperature in the range of 15 to 35°C and relative humidity in the range of 20 to 80% representing the maximum span of indoor conditions expected. Population-level estimates of NMOI distributions were derived using the rstan package for R v2.21.2.ResultsThe NMOI decreased at a rate of -1.15 g/day per °C increase and at a rate of -1.01 g/day per percent increase in relative humidity; this was due to variations in non-oral water intake from the atmosphere, a component of the calculation of NMOI, which is dependent on temperature and humidity. For the various locations considered, the mean calculated NMOI varied between 24.6 and 53.3 g/day using the same input data. In the mixed-fed sample of babies, the prevalence of non-EBF based on the earlier defined NMOI cut-off of 86.6 g/day was reduced by 19% when relative humidity was increased by 60%.ConclusionsAtmospheric conditions are essential factors in the computation of NMOI, used in the objective classification of babies as exclusively breast fed or not, and should be considered when the DTM method is used to classify exclusive breastfeeding.
doi_str_mv 10.3389/fped.2023.1188811
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Recently, the use of this method has been expanded to classify babies objectively as exclusively breast fed (EBF) or not (non-EBF) based on quantification of non-milk oral water intake (NMOI). However, the calculation of NMOI estimates involves atmospheric temperature and humidity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of atmospheric temperature and humidity on NMOI calculation and the classification of exclusive breastfeeding.MethodsThe effect of indoor temperature and relative humidity on NMOI and the estimated prevalence of non-EBF were examined in two existing data sets of DTM in children by varying temperature in the range of 15 to 35°C and relative humidity in the range of 20 to 80% representing the maximum span of indoor conditions expected. Population-level estimates of NMOI distributions were derived using the rstan package for R v2.21.2.ResultsThe NMOI decreased at a rate of -1.15 g/day per °C increase and at a rate of -1.01 g/day per percent increase in relative humidity; this was due to variations in non-oral water intake from the atmosphere, a component of the calculation of NMOI, which is dependent on temperature and humidity. For the various locations considered, the mean calculated NMOI varied between 24.6 and 53.3 g/day using the same input data. In the mixed-fed sample of babies, the prevalence of non-EBF based on the earlier defined NMOI cut-off of 86.6 g/day was reduced by 19% when relative humidity was increased by 60%.ConclusionsAtmospheric conditions are essential factors in the computation of NMOI, used in the objective classification of babies as exclusively breast fed or not, and should be considered when the DTM method is used to classify exclusive breastfeeding.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2296-2360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2296-2360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1188811</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Frontiers Media S.A</publisher><subject>deuterium dose to mother technique ; exclusive breastfeeding ; humidity ; non-milk oral intake ; Pediatrics ; temperature</subject><ispartof>Frontiers in pediatrics, 2023-11, Vol.11, p.1188811-1188811</ispartof><rights>2023 Baby, Kaestel, Preston, Duffull, Liu, Diana, Houghton, Kurpad and Thomas. 2023 Baby, Kaestel, Preston, Duffull, Liu, Diana, Houghton, Kurpad and Thomas</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-fe4dc4fe04158c230026601f94eeef8569011e69d721bf0ba2429d5868d436a83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10684944/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10684944/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Baby, Jeswin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaestel, Pernille</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Preston, Tom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duffull, Stephen B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diana, Aly</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Houghton, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurpad, Anura V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Tinku</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of variations in atmospheric temperature and humidity on the estimation of exclusive breastfeeding status using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique</title><title>Frontiers in pediatrics</title><description>BackgroundThe deuterium dose-to-mother (DTM) method measures the human milk intake of breastfed children. Recently, the use of this method has been expanded to classify babies objectively as exclusively breast fed (EBF) or not (non-EBF) based on quantification of non-milk oral water intake (NMOI). However, the calculation of NMOI estimates involves atmospheric temperature and humidity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of atmospheric temperature and humidity on NMOI calculation and the classification of exclusive breastfeeding.MethodsThe effect of indoor temperature and relative humidity on NMOI and the estimated prevalence of non-EBF were examined in two existing data sets of DTM in children by varying temperature in the range of 15 to 35°C and relative humidity in the range of 20 to 80% representing the maximum span of indoor conditions expected. Population-level estimates of NMOI distributions were derived using the rstan package for R v2.21.2.ResultsThe NMOI decreased at a rate of -1.15 g/day per °C increase and at a rate of -1.01 g/day per percent increase in relative humidity; this was due to variations in non-oral water intake from the atmosphere, a component of the calculation of NMOI, which is dependent on temperature and humidity. For the various locations considered, the mean calculated NMOI varied between 24.6 and 53.3 g/day using the same input data. In the mixed-fed sample of babies, the prevalence of non-EBF based on the earlier defined NMOI cut-off of 86.6 g/day was reduced by 19% when relative humidity was increased by 60%.ConclusionsAtmospheric conditions are essential factors in the computation of NMOI, used in the objective classification of babies as exclusively breast fed or not, and should be considered when the DTM method is used to classify exclusive breastfeeding.</description><subject>deuterium dose to mother technique</subject><subject>exclusive breastfeeding</subject><subject>humidity</subject><subject>non-milk oral intake</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>temperature</subject><issn>2296-2360</issn><issn>2296-2360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpVks9u3CAQxq2qlRoleYDeOPbiLf-M4VRVUdpEipRLe0YYhjWRbbaAV8n79EGLs6uq4TIM38xvxOhrmk8E7xiT6os_gNtRTNmOECklIe-aC0qVaCkT-P1_94_Ndc5PuB7V4450F82fW-_BloyiR0eTgikhLhmFBZkyx3wYIQWLCswHSKasCZBZHBrXObhQXlBcUBkBQS5hfm3dOPBspzWHI6AhgcnFA7iw7FEulZBRlWqytTlYS-WvM4rPwdU8ZmhLbOdY1VSn2nEJv1e4aj54M2W4PsfL5tf32583d-3D44_7m28PrWWqK60H7iz3gDnppKUMYyoEJl5xAPCyEwoTAkK5npLB48FQTpXrpJCOM2Eku2zuT1wXzZM-pPqn9KKjCfr1Iaa9NqkEO4Gm0NPBEEIs7bjlcmB911tOuFLY9maorK8n1mEdZnAWlpLM9Ab6VlnCqPfxqAkWkivOK-HzmZBiXUIueg7ZwjSZBeKaNZVKSNwrgWspOZXaFHNO4P_NIVhvFtGbRfRmEX22CPsLqru0ww</recordid><startdate>20231115</startdate><enddate>20231115</enddate><creator>Baby, Jeswin</creator><creator>Kaestel, Pernille</creator><creator>Preston, Tom</creator><creator>Duffull, Stephen B.</creator><creator>Liu, Zheng</creator><creator>Diana, Aly</creator><creator>Houghton, Lisa</creator><creator>Kurpad, Anura V.</creator><creator>Thomas, Tinku</creator><general>Frontiers Media S.A</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20231115</creationdate><title>Effects of variations in atmospheric temperature and humidity on the estimation of exclusive breastfeeding status using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique</title><author>Baby, Jeswin ; Kaestel, Pernille ; Preston, Tom ; Duffull, Stephen B. ; Liu, Zheng ; Diana, Aly ; Houghton, Lisa ; Kurpad, Anura V. ; Thomas, Tinku</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-fe4dc4fe04158c230026601f94eeef8569011e69d721bf0ba2429d5868d436a83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>deuterium dose to mother technique</topic><topic>exclusive breastfeeding</topic><topic>humidity</topic><topic>non-milk oral intake</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>temperature</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Baby, Jeswin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaestel, Pernille</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Preston, Tom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duffull, Stephen B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diana, Aly</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Houghton, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurpad, Anura V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Tinku</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Frontiers in pediatrics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Baby, Jeswin</au><au>Kaestel, Pernille</au><au>Preston, Tom</au><au>Duffull, Stephen B.</au><au>Liu, Zheng</au><au>Diana, Aly</au><au>Houghton, Lisa</au><au>Kurpad, Anura V.</au><au>Thomas, Tinku</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of variations in atmospheric temperature and humidity on the estimation of exclusive breastfeeding status using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique</atitle><jtitle>Frontiers in pediatrics</jtitle><date>2023-11-15</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>11</volume><spage>1188811</spage><epage>1188811</epage><pages>1188811-1188811</pages><issn>2296-2360</issn><eissn>2296-2360</eissn><abstract>BackgroundThe deuterium dose-to-mother (DTM) method measures the human milk intake of breastfed children. Recently, the use of this method has been expanded to classify babies objectively as exclusively breast fed (EBF) or not (non-EBF) based on quantification of non-milk oral water intake (NMOI). However, the calculation of NMOI estimates involves atmospheric temperature and humidity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of atmospheric temperature and humidity on NMOI calculation and the classification of exclusive breastfeeding.MethodsThe effect of indoor temperature and relative humidity on NMOI and the estimated prevalence of non-EBF were examined in two existing data sets of DTM in children by varying temperature in the range of 15 to 35°C and relative humidity in the range of 20 to 80% representing the maximum span of indoor conditions expected. Population-level estimates of NMOI distributions were derived using the rstan package for R v2.21.2.ResultsThe NMOI decreased at a rate of -1.15 g/day per °C increase and at a rate of -1.01 g/day per percent increase in relative humidity; this was due to variations in non-oral water intake from the atmosphere, a component of the calculation of NMOI, which is dependent on temperature and humidity. For the various locations considered, the mean calculated NMOI varied between 24.6 and 53.3 g/day using the same input data. In the mixed-fed sample of babies, the prevalence of non-EBF based on the earlier defined NMOI cut-off of 86.6 g/day was reduced by 19% when relative humidity was increased by 60%.ConclusionsAtmospheric conditions are essential factors in the computation of NMOI, used in the objective classification of babies as exclusively breast fed or not, and should be considered when the DTM method is used to classify exclusive breastfeeding.</abstract><pub>Frontiers Media S.A</pub><doi>10.3389/fped.2023.1188811</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects deuterium dose to mother technique
exclusive breastfeeding
humidity
non-milk oral intake
Pediatrics
temperature
title Effects of variations in atmospheric temperature and humidity on the estimation of exclusive breastfeeding status using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique
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