Antibiotic-Induced Immunosuppression-A Focus on Cellular Immunity

Antibiotics are the fundamental treatment for bacterial infections. However, they are associated with numerous side effects. Their adverse effects on the immune system are increasingly recognised, with several mechanisms identified. In this review, we focus on their direct effects on cellular immuni...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antibiotics (Basel) 2024-11, Vol.13 (11), p.1034
Main Authors: Snow, Timothy Arthur Chandos, Singer, Mervyn, Arulkumaran, Nishkantha
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotics
Antigen presentation
Antigens
antimicrobial
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial infections
Care and treatment
Cell-mediated immunity
Cells
Cellular immunity
Chemotaxis
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Complications and side effects
critical illness
Cytokines
Dosage and administration
immune response
Immune system
Immunity (Disease)
Immunosuppression
infection
Infections
lymphocyte
Lymphocytes
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA
monocyte
Neutrophils
Phagocytosis
Pneumonia
Proteins
Review
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Sepsis
Side effects
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Summary:Antibiotics are the fundamental treatment for bacterial infections. However, they are associated with numerous side effects. Their adverse effects on the immune system are increasingly recognised, with several mechanisms identified. In this review, we focus on their direct effects on cellular immunity. We review the effects of antibiotics on mitochondrial function and how they impair specific immune cell functions including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte proliferation. Findings are described in a multitude of and models. However, their impact on patient immunity and clinical outcomes requires further research. Awareness of the potential adverse effects of antibiotics may improve antimicrobial stewardship. The use of therapeutic drug monitoring may help to reduce dose-dependent effects, which warrants further research.
ISSN:2079-6382
2079-6382
DOI:10.3390/antibiotics13111034