Unexpected Exacerbation of Neuroinflammatory Response After a Combined Therapy in Old Parkinsonian Mice

• Published in: Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2018-11, Vol.12, p.451-451
• Main Authors: Gil-Martínez, Ana Luisa, Cuenca, Lorena, Estrada, Cristina, Sánchez-Rodrigo, Consuelo, Fernández-Villalba, Emiliano, Herrero, María Trinidad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetylcysteine; Age; Aging; Animals; Antioxidants; Basal ganglia; Central nervous system diseases; Cytokines; Dopamine; Dopamine receptors; drug-repositioning; Geriatrics; glia; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Homeostasis; Inflammation; Kinases; Movement disorders; MPTP; Neostriatum; Neurodegenerative diseases; neuroinflammation; Neurons; Neuroprotection; Neuroscience; Oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease; Parkinsonism; Proteins; S100b protein; Studies; Substantia nigra
• ISSN: 1662-5102; 1662-5102
• DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00451

The design of therapeutic strategies that focus on the repositioning of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs are a great bet to slow down the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the fact that Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related pathology, almost all experimental studies are carried out in young animals. Here, we evaluated the possible neuroprotective effect of the combination of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the anti-inflammatory HA-1077 in aged 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice (C57BL/6 mice, 20 months old), whose individual treatment has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in this Parkinsonism model. Interestingly, NAC+HA-1077-based treatment produced a significant increase in dopaminergic neuronal death accompanied by an increase in microglial and astroglial activation in the Substantia Nigra (SNpc) and striatum of old-Parkinsonian mice compared to their control group. The astroglial response was also explored by co-immunostaining for GFAP and S100b together with p-JNK and it was found to be particularly exacerbated in the MPTP+NAC+HA-1077 group. The unexpected toxic effects found in the combined use of NAC and HA-1077 in old-Parkinsonian mice highlight the importance of taking into account that in elderly Parkinsonian patients the combination of some drugs (most of them used for other different age-related alterations) can have side effects that may result in the exacerbation of the neurodegenerative process.