Overnutrition is a risk factor for iron, but not for zinc or vitamin A deficiency in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionTraditionally associated with undernutrition, increasing evidence suggests micronutrient deficiencies can coexist with overnutrition. Therefore, this work aimed to systematically review the associations between iron, zinc and vitamin A (VA) status and weight status (both underweight and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMJ global health 2024-04, Vol.9 (4), p.e015135
Main Authors: Tan, Xiaomian, Tan, Pui Yee, Gong, Yun Yun, Moore, J Bernadette
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anemia
Biomarkers
Child health
Child mortality
Data analysis
Heterogeneity
Industrialized nations
Iron
Low income groups
Malnutrition
Meta-analysis
Nutrient deficiency
Nutrition
Obesity
Observational studies
Original research
Overnutrition
Overweight
Public Health
Regression analysis
Risk factors
Socioeconomic factors
Systematic review
Teenagers
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin deficiency
Young adults
Zinc
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Summary:IntroductionTraditionally associated with undernutrition, increasing evidence suggests micronutrient deficiencies can coexist with overnutrition. Therefore, this work aimed to systematically review the associations between iron, zinc and vitamin A (VA) status and weight status (both underweight and overweight) in children and young people.MethodsOvid Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for observational studies assessing micronutrient status (blood, serum or plasma levels of iron, zinc or VA biomarkers) and weight status (body mass index or other anthropometric measurement) in humans under 25 years of any ethnicity and gender. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. Where possible, random effects restricted maximum likelihood meta-analyses were performed.ResultsAfter screening, 83 observational studies involving 190 443 participants from 44 countries were identified, with many studies having reported on more than one micronutrient and/or weight status indicator. Iron was the most investigated micronutrient, with 46, 28 and 27 studies reporting data for iron, zinc and VA status, respectively. Synthesising 16 records of OR from seven eligible studies, overnutrition (overweight and obesity) increased odds of iron deficiency (ID) (OR (95% CI): 1.51 (1.20 to 1.82), p
ISSN:2059-7908
2059-7908
DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015135