The Application of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Homing Capabilities to Regenerate the Intervertebral Disc

Chronic low back pain (LBP) remains a challenging condition to treat, and especially to cure. If conservative treatment approaches fail, the current "gold standard" for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)-provoked back pain is spinal fusion. However, due to its invasive and destructive...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-03, Vol.22 (7), p.3519
Main Authors: Croft, Andreas S, Illien-Jünger, Svenja, Grad, Sibylle, Guerrero, Julien, Wangler, Sebastian, Gantenbein, Benjamin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Back pain
Bone marrow
cell-based therapy
Cytokeratin
Cytokines
Degeneration
Degenerative disc disease
Gene expression
Growth factors
Homing
Humans
Intervertebral Disc - injuries
Intervertebral Disc - physiopathology
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - physiopathology
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - therapy
intervertebral disc regeneration
Intervertebral discs
Literature reviews
Low back pain
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
mesenchymal stromal cells
Mesenchyme
Mimicry
Nutrients
Orthopedics
Pain
Regeneration
Review
Stem cells
Stromal cells
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Summary:Chronic low back pain (LBP) remains a challenging condition to treat, and especially to cure. If conservative treatment approaches fail, the current "gold standard" for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)-provoked back pain is spinal fusion. However, due to its invasive and destructive nature, the focus of orthopedic research related to the intervertebral disc (IVD) has shifted more towards cell-based therapeutic approaches. They aim to reduce or even reverse the degenerative cascade by mimicking the human body's physiological healing system. The implementation of progenitor and/or stem cells and, in particular, the delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has revealed significant potential to cure the degenerated/injured IVD. Over the past decade, many research groups have invested efforts to find ways to utilize these cells as efficiently and sustainably as possible. This narrative literature review presents a summary of achievements made with the application of MSCs for the regeneration of the IVD in recent years, including their preclinical and clinical applications. Moreover, this review presents state-of-the-art strategies on how the homing capabilities of MSCs can be utilized to repair damaged or degenerated IVDs, as well as their current limitations and future perspectives.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22073519