Liquiritigenin Reduces Blood Glucose Level and Bone Adverse Effects in Hyperglycemic Adult Zebrafish

• Published in: Nutrients 2019-05, Vol.11 (5), p.1042
• Main Authors: Carnovali, Marta, Luzi, Livio, Terruzzi, Ileana, Banfi, Giuseppe, Mariotti, Massimo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alkaline phosphatase; Biomedical materials; bone; Bone diseases; Calciferol; Calcium; Calcium (urinary); Cardiovascular disease; Collagen; Cytokines; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Extracellular matrix; Fractures; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; Hyperglycemia; Hypocalcemia; IL-1β; In vivo methods and tests; Inflammation; Interleukin 6; Liquiritigenin; Metabolism; Nicotinamide; Osteoblasts; Osteoclastogenesis; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis; Oxidative stress; Parathyroid; Parathyroid hormone; Phosphatase; scale; Streptozocin; TRANCE protein; Tumor necrosis factor-α; type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vitamin D; Zebrafish
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu11051042

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that induces other pathologies including diabetic retinopathy and bone disease. Adult (zebrafish) represents a powerful model to study both glucose and bone metabolism. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of liquiritigenin (LTG) on blood glucose level and diabetes complications in hyperglycemic adult zebrafish. LTG is a flavonoid extracted from roots which possess important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. During four weeks of glucose treatment, LTG significantly prevented the onset of the hyperglycemia in adult zebrafish. Moreover, hyperglycemic fish showed increased advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and parathormone levels whereas LTG completely prevented both of these metabolic alterations. Large bone-loss areas were found in the scales of glucose-treated fish whereas only small resorption lacunae were detected after glucose/LTG treatment. Biochemical and histological tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assays performed on explanted scales confirmed that LTG prevented the increase of osteoclastic activity in hyperglycemic fish. The osteoblastic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was clearly lost in scales of glucose-treated fish whereas the co-treatment with LTG completely prevented such alteration. Gene expression analysis showed that LTG prevents the alteration in crucial bone regulatory genes. Our study confirmed that LTG is a very promising natural therapeutic approach for blood glucose lowering and to contrast the development of bone complications correlated to chronic hyperglycemia.