Metabolic importance of adipose tissue monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 in mice and humans

Adipocyte triglyceride storage provides a reservoir of energy that allows the organism to survive times of nutrient scarcity, but excessive adiposity has emerged as a health problem in many areas of the world. Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) acylates monoacylglycerol to produce diacylglycero...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of lipid research 2018-09, Vol.59 (9), p.1630-1639
Main Authors: Liss, Kim H.H., Lutkewitte, Andrew J., Pietka, Terri, Finck, Brian N., Franczyk, Michael, Yoshino, Jun, Klein, Samuel, Hall, Angela M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acyltransferases - deficiency
Acyltransferases - genetics
Acyltransferases - metabolism
adipocytes
Adipocytes - cytology
Adipose Tissue - enzymology
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Animals
Cell Differentiation
fatty acid
fatty acid re-esterification
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Gene Knockdown Techniques
Humans
lipids
lipolysis
lipolysis and fatty acid metabolism
Male
Mice
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases - deficiency
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases - genetics
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases - metabolism
Obesity - metabolism
Obesity - pathology
RNA, Small Interfering - genetics
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Summary:Adipocyte triglyceride storage provides a reservoir of energy that allows the organism to survive times of nutrient scarcity, but excessive adiposity has emerged as a health problem in many areas of the world. Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) acylates monoacylglycerol to produce diacylglycerol; the penultimate step in triglyceride synthesis. However, little is known about MGAT activity in adipocytes, which are believed to rely primarily on another pathway for triglyceride synthesis. We show that expression of the gene that encodes MGAT1 is robustly induced during adipocyte differentiation and that its expression is suppressed in fat of genetically-obese mice and metabolically-abnormal obese human subjects. Interestingly, MGAT1 expression is also reduced in physiologic contexts where lipolysis is high. Moreover, knockdown or knockout of MGAT1 in adipocytes leads to higher rates of basal adipocyte lipolysis. Collectively, these data suggest that MGAT1 activity may play a role in regulating basal adipocyte FFA retention.
ISSN:0022-2275
1539-7262
DOI:10.1194/jlr.M084947