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Long-term safety and efficacy of formoterol fumarate inhalation solution in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD
Formoterol fumarate inhalation solution (FFIS; Perforomist ) is a long-acting β -agonist (LABA) marketed in the US as a nebulized COPD maintenance treatment. Because long-term LABA use was associated with a potential increased risk of exacerbation or death in asthma patients, the US Food and Drug Ad...
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| Published in: | International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019-01, Vol.14, p.117-127 |
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| container_title | International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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| creator | Hanania, Nicola A Sethi, Sanjay Koltun, Arkady Ward, Jonathan K Spanton, Jacqui Ng, Dik |
| description | Formoterol fumarate inhalation solution (FFIS; Perforomist
) is a long-acting β
-agonist (LABA) marketed in the US as a nebulized COPD maintenance treatment. Because long-term LABA use was associated with a potential increased risk of exacerbation or death in asthma patients, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested a postmarketing commitment study to evaluate long-term safety in COPD patients.
This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority study. Patients (N=1,071; mean age, 62.6 years; 48.5% male; 89.7% white) with moderate-to-severe COPD on stable COPD therapy received FFIS (20 µg; n=541) or placebo (n=530) twice daily. The primary end point was the combined incidence of respiratory death, first COPD-related ER visit, or first COPD exacerbation-related hospitalization during 1 year post randomization. Noninferiority to placebo was concluded if the two-sided 90% CI of the HR of FFIS to placebo was |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2147/COPD.S173595 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_30a5d7d4c2ea45ca9cee9e9da81dc24a</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A686634687</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_30a5d7d4c2ea45ca9cee9e9da81dc24a</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A686634687</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c576t-228d7c7143cdce5015fa1ace4c9171635b21d99d024a9ebc81b974a5e43baa533</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkkFrGzEQhZfS0qRpbz0XQSGnrrtarVa7l0Jw0zZgSKHtWYylkS2zKzmSnOJ_Hzl2UhuKDhpG3zzeaKYo3tNqUtNGfJ7e_vw6-UUF4z1_UZxTKrqyrir-8ig-K97EuMpBKwR9XZyxqm0Y67vz4m7m3aJMGEYSwWDaEnCaoDFWgdoSb4jxYfQZ8AMxmxECJCTWLWGAZL0j0Q-bx8A6ss4pdCmSvzYtyeg17ugy-TLiPQYkO69vi1cGhojvDvdF8efb9e_pj3J2-_1mejUrFRdtKuu600IJ2jClFfKKcgMUFDaqp4K2jM9rqvteV3UDPc5VR-e9aIBjw-YAnLGL4mavqz2s5DrY7H0rPVj5mPBhISEkqwaUrAKuhW5UjdBwBb1C7LHX0FGtsn7W-rLXWm_mI2Y_LgUYTkRPX5xdyoW_ly2jlNV1Fvh4EAj-boMxyZXfBJf7l3UresHzMOg_agHZlXXGZzE12qjkVdu1LWvaTmRq8h8qH42jVd6hsTl_UnB5VLBEGNLyaWzxFPy0B1XwMQY0zx3SSu6WTe4GKA_LlvEPx7_yDD9tF3sAqujQOA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2679753981</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Long-term safety and efficacy of formoterol fumarate inhalation solution in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</source><source>Taylor & Francis Open Access</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Hanania, Nicola A ; Sethi, Sanjay ; Koltun, Arkady ; Ward, Jonathan K ; Spanton, Jacqui ; Ng, Dik</creator><creatorcontrib>Hanania, Nicola A ; Sethi, Sanjay ; Koltun, Arkady ; Ward, Jonathan K ; Spanton, Jacqui ; Ng, Dik</creatorcontrib><description>Formoterol fumarate inhalation solution (FFIS; Perforomist
) is a long-acting β
-agonist (LABA) marketed in the US as a nebulized COPD maintenance treatment. Because long-term LABA use was associated with a potential increased risk of exacerbation or death in asthma patients, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested a postmarketing commitment study to evaluate long-term safety in COPD patients.
This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority study. Patients (N=1,071; mean age, 62.6 years; 48.5% male; 89.7% white) with moderate-to-severe COPD on stable COPD therapy received FFIS (20 µg; n=541) or placebo (n=530) twice daily. The primary end point was the combined incidence of respiratory death, first COPD-related ER visit, or first COPD exacerbation-related hospitalization during 1 year post randomization. Noninferiority to placebo was concluded if the two-sided 90% CI of the HR of FFIS to placebo was <1.5. Secondary end points included spirometry.
The planned 1-year treatment period was completed by 520 patients; 551 discontinued prematurely (FFIS: 45.7%; placebo: 57.4%). The median treatment duration was approximately 10 and 7 months for FFIS and placebo, respectively. Among 1,071 randomized patients, 121 had ≥1 primary event (FFIS: 11.8%; placebo: 10.8%). The estimated HR of a primary event with FFIS vs placebo was 0.965 (90% CI: 0.711, 1.308), demonstrating that FFIS was noninferior to placebo. No respiratory deaths were observed in the FFIS group. Adverse events were similar for FFIS vs placebo (patients with ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse events: 374 [69.1%] vs 369 [69.6%], respectively). Compared with placebo, FFIS demonstrated statistically greater improvements from baseline in trough FEV
, FVC, percent predicted FEV
, and patient-reported outcomes (Transition Dyspnea Index).
Nebulized FFIS was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Additionally, fewer treatment withdrawals and larger lung function improvements were observed with FFIS compared with placebo when added to other maintenance COPD therapies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1178-2005</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1176-9106</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1178-2005</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S173595</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30643398</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New Zealand: Dove Medical Press Limited</publisher><subject>Administration, Inhalation ; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists - administration & dosage ; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists - adverse effects ; Aged ; Asthma ; Bronchodilator Agents - administration & dosage ; Bronchodilator Agents - adverse effects ; bronchodilators ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; COPD ; Disease Progression ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug dosages ; Drug therapy ; Drug withdrawal ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Formoterol ; Formoterol Fumarate - administration & dosage ; Formoterol Fumarate - adverse effects ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Long-acting beta2-agonists ; Lung - drug effects ; Lung - physiopathology ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; nebulization ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Original Research ; Patient Admission ; Pharmaceutical industry ; Pharmaceutical Solutions ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - diagnosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - drug therapy ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - mortality ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - physiopathology ; Questionnaires ; Recovery of Function ; Review boards ; safety ; Severity of Illness Index ; Spirometry ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; United States ; Vital Capacity</subject><ispartof>International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2019-01, Vol.14, p.117-127</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Dove Medical Press Limited</rights><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Hanania et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c576t-228d7c7143cdce5015fa1ace4c9171635b21d99d024a9ebc81b974a5e43baa533</citedby><orcidid>0000-0003-0809-7604 ; 0000-0002-7250-4203 ; 0000-0002-6903-3244</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2679753981/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2679753981?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30643398$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hanania, Nicola A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sethi, Sanjay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koltun, Arkady</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, Jonathan K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spanton, Jacqui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Dik</creatorcontrib><title>Long-term safety and efficacy of formoterol fumarate inhalation solution in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD</title><title>International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</title><addtitle>Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis</addtitle><description>Formoterol fumarate inhalation solution (FFIS; Perforomist
) is a long-acting β
-agonist (LABA) marketed in the US as a nebulized COPD maintenance treatment. Because long-term LABA use was associated with a potential increased risk of exacerbation or death in asthma patients, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested a postmarketing commitment study to evaluate long-term safety in COPD patients.
This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority study. Patients (N=1,071; mean age, 62.6 years; 48.5% male; 89.7% white) with moderate-to-severe COPD on stable COPD therapy received FFIS (20 µg; n=541) or placebo (n=530) twice daily. The primary end point was the combined incidence of respiratory death, first COPD-related ER visit, or first COPD exacerbation-related hospitalization during 1 year post randomization. Noninferiority to placebo was concluded if the two-sided 90% CI of the HR of FFIS to placebo was <1.5. Secondary end points included spirometry.
The planned 1-year treatment period was completed by 520 patients; 551 discontinued prematurely (FFIS: 45.7%; placebo: 57.4%). The median treatment duration was approximately 10 and 7 months for FFIS and placebo, respectively. Among 1,071 randomized patients, 121 had ≥1 primary event (FFIS: 11.8%; placebo: 10.8%). The estimated HR of a primary event with FFIS vs placebo was 0.965 (90% CI: 0.711, 1.308), demonstrating that FFIS was noninferior to placebo. No respiratory deaths were observed in the FFIS group. Adverse events were similar for FFIS vs placebo (patients with ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse events: 374 [69.1%] vs 369 [69.6%], respectively). Compared with placebo, FFIS demonstrated statistically greater improvements from baseline in trough FEV
, FVC, percent predicted FEV
, and patient-reported outcomes (Transition Dyspnea Index).
Nebulized FFIS was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Additionally, fewer treatment withdrawals and larger lung function improvements were observed with FFIS compared with placebo when added to other maintenance COPD therapies.</description><subject>Administration, Inhalation</subject><subject>Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists - adverse effects</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Bronchodilator Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Bronchodilator Agents - adverse effects</subject><subject>bronchodilators</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</subject><subject>COPD</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Drug Administration Schedule</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Drug withdrawal</subject><subject>Dyspnea</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forced Expiratory Volume</subject><subject>Formoterol</subject><subject>Formoterol Fumarate - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Formoterol Fumarate - adverse effects</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Long-acting beta2-agonists</subject><subject>Lung - drug effects</subject><subject>Lung - physiopathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>nebulization</subject><subject>Nebulizers and Vaporizers</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Patient Admission</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical industry</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Solutions</subject><subject>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - diagnosis</subject><subject>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - drug therapy</subject><subject>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - mortality</subject><subject>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - physiopathology</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Recovery of Function</subject><subject>Review boards</subject><subject>safety</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Spirometry</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Vital Capacity</subject><issn>1178-2005</issn><issn>1176-9106</issn><issn>1178-2005</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkkFrGzEQhZfS0qRpbz0XQSGnrrtarVa7l0Jw0zZgSKHtWYylkS2zKzmSnOJ_Hzl2UhuKDhpG3zzeaKYo3tNqUtNGfJ7e_vw6-UUF4z1_UZxTKrqyrir-8ig-K97EuMpBKwR9XZyxqm0Y67vz4m7m3aJMGEYSwWDaEnCaoDFWgdoSb4jxYfQZ8AMxmxECJCTWLWGAZL0j0Q-bx8A6ss4pdCmSvzYtyeg17ugy-TLiPQYkO69vi1cGhojvDvdF8efb9e_pj3J2-_1mejUrFRdtKuu600IJ2jClFfKKcgMUFDaqp4K2jM9rqvteV3UDPc5VR-e9aIBjw-YAnLGL4mavqz2s5DrY7H0rPVj5mPBhISEkqwaUrAKuhW5UjdBwBb1C7LHX0FGtsn7W-rLXWm_mI2Y_LgUYTkRPX5xdyoW_ly2jlNV1Fvh4EAj-boMxyZXfBJf7l3UresHzMOg_agHZlXXGZzE12qjkVdu1LWvaTmRq8h8qH42jVd6hsTl_UnB5VLBEGNLyaWzxFPy0B1XwMQY0zx3SSu6WTe4GKA_LlvEPx7_yDD9tF3sAqujQOA</recordid><startdate>20190101</startdate><enddate>20190101</enddate><creator>Hanania, Nicola A</creator><creator>Sethi, Sanjay</creator><creator>Koltun, Arkady</creator><creator>Ward, Jonathan K</creator><creator>Spanton, Jacqui</creator><creator>Ng, Dik</creator><general>Dove Medical Press Limited</general><general>Dove Medical Press Ltd</general><general>Dove Medical Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-7604</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7250-4203</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-3244</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190101</creationdate><title>Long-term safety and efficacy of formoterol fumarate inhalation solution in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD</title><author>Hanania, Nicola A ; Sethi, Sanjay ; Koltun, Arkady ; Ward, Jonathan K ; Spanton, Jacqui ; Ng, Dik</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c576t-228d7c7143cdce5015fa1ace4c9171635b21d99d024a9ebc81b974a5e43baa533</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Administration, Inhalation</topic><topic>Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists - adverse effects</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Bronchodilator Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Bronchodilator Agents - adverse effects</topic><topic>bronchodilators</topic><topic>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</topic><topic>COPD</topic><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>Double-Blind Method</topic><topic>Drug Administration Schedule</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Drug withdrawal</topic><topic>Dyspnea</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Forced Expiratory Volume</topic><topic>Formoterol</topic><topic>Formoterol Fumarate - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Formoterol Fumarate - adverse effects</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Long-acting beta2-agonists</topic><topic>Lung - drug effects</topic><topic>Lung - physiopathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine, Experimental</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>nebulization</topic><topic>Nebulizers and Vaporizers</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Patient Admission</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical industry</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Solutions</topic><topic>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - diagnosis</topic><topic>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - drug therapy</topic><topic>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - mortality</topic><topic>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - physiopathology</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Recovery of Function</topic><topic>Review boards</topic><topic>safety</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Spirometry</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Vital Capacity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hanania, Nicola A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sethi, Sanjay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koltun, Arkady</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, Jonathan K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spanton, Jacqui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Dik</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hanania, Nicola A</au><au>Sethi, Sanjay</au><au>Koltun, Arkady</au><au>Ward, Jonathan K</au><au>Spanton, Jacqui</au><au>Ng, Dik</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Long-term safety and efficacy of formoterol fumarate inhalation solution in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD</atitle><jtitle>International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis</addtitle><date>2019-01-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><spage>117</spage><epage>127</epage><pages>117-127</pages><issn>1178-2005</issn><issn>1176-9106</issn><eissn>1178-2005</eissn><abstract>Formoterol fumarate inhalation solution (FFIS; Perforomist
) is a long-acting β
-agonist (LABA) marketed in the US as a nebulized COPD maintenance treatment. Because long-term LABA use was associated with a potential increased risk of exacerbation or death in asthma patients, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested a postmarketing commitment study to evaluate long-term safety in COPD patients.
This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority study. Patients (N=1,071; mean age, 62.6 years; 48.5% male; 89.7% white) with moderate-to-severe COPD on stable COPD therapy received FFIS (20 µg; n=541) or placebo (n=530) twice daily. The primary end point was the combined incidence of respiratory death, first COPD-related ER visit, or first COPD exacerbation-related hospitalization during 1 year post randomization. Noninferiority to placebo was concluded if the two-sided 90% CI of the HR of FFIS to placebo was <1.5. Secondary end points included spirometry.
The planned 1-year treatment period was completed by 520 patients; 551 discontinued prematurely (FFIS: 45.7%; placebo: 57.4%). The median treatment duration was approximately 10 and 7 months for FFIS and placebo, respectively. Among 1,071 randomized patients, 121 had ≥1 primary event (FFIS: 11.8%; placebo: 10.8%). The estimated HR of a primary event with FFIS vs placebo was 0.965 (90% CI: 0.711, 1.308), demonstrating that FFIS was noninferior to placebo. No respiratory deaths were observed in the FFIS group. Adverse events were similar for FFIS vs placebo (patients with ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse events: 374 [69.1%] vs 369 [69.6%], respectively). Compared with placebo, FFIS demonstrated statistically greater improvements from baseline in trough FEV
, FVC, percent predicted FEV
, and patient-reported outcomes (Transition Dyspnea Index).
Nebulized FFIS was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Additionally, fewer treatment withdrawals and larger lung function improvements were observed with FFIS compared with placebo when added to other maintenance COPD therapies.</abstract><cop>New Zealand</cop><pub>Dove Medical Press Limited</pub><pmid>30643398</pmid><doi>10.2147/COPD.S173595</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-7604</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7250-4203</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-3244</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1178-2005 |
| ispartof | International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2019-01, Vol.14, p.117-127 |
| issn | 1178-2005 1176-9106 1178-2005 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_30a5d7d4c2ea45ca9cee9e9da81dc24a |
| source | Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3); Taylor & Francis Open Access; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Administration, Inhalation Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists - administration & dosage Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists - adverse effects Aged Asthma Bronchodilator Agents - administration & dosage Bronchodilator Agents - adverse effects bronchodilators Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD Disease Progression Double-Blind Method Drug Administration Schedule Drug dosages Drug therapy Drug withdrawal Dyspnea Female Forced Expiratory Volume Formoterol Formoterol Fumarate - administration & dosage Formoterol Fumarate - adverse effects Hospitalization Humans Long-acting beta2-agonists Lung - drug effects Lung - physiopathology Male Medical research Medicine, Experimental Middle Aged Mortality nebulization Nebulizers and Vaporizers Original Research Patient Admission Pharmaceutical industry Pharmaceutical Solutions Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - diagnosis Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - drug therapy Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - mortality Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - physiopathology Questionnaires Recovery of Function Review boards safety Severity of Illness Index Spirometry Time Factors Treatment Outcome United States Vital Capacity |
| title | Long-term safety and efficacy of formoterol fumarate inhalation solution in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD |
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