The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of the Medicinal Plant Forsythia suspensa (Oleaceae)

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2017-10, Vol.18 (11), p.2288
• Main Authors: Wang, Wenbin, Yu, Huan, Wang, Jiahui, Lei, Wanjun, Gao, Jianhua, Qiu, Xiangpo, Wang, Jinsheng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Base Composition; chloroplast genome; Chloroplasts; Codon - genetics; Codons; comparative genomics; Contraction; Diabetes mellitus; Engineering research; Fever; Forsythia - classification; Forsythia - genetics; Forsythia suspensa; Gene order; Genes; Genetic engineering; Genome, Chloroplast; Genomes; Genomic Instability; Gonorrhea; Herbal medicine; Inverted repeat; Microsatellite Repeats; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Oleaceae; Open Reading Frames; phylogenetic analysis; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Plants, Medicinal - classification; Plants, Medicinal - genetics; Resource conservation; RNA editing; RNA, Ribosomal - genetics; RNA, Transfer - genetics; rRNA; sequencing; Simple sequence repeats; tRNA
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112288

is an important medicinal plant and traditionally applied for the treatment of inflammation, pyrexia, gonorrhea, diabetes, and so on. However, there is limited sequence and genomic information available for . Here, we produced the complete chloroplast genomes of using Illumina sequencing technology. is the first sequenced member within the genus (Oleaceae). The gene order and organization of the chloroplast genome of are similar to other Oleaceae chloroplast genomes. The chloroplast genome is 156,404 bp in length, exhibits a conserved quadripartite structure with a large single-copy (LSC; 87,159 bp) region, and a small single-copy (SSC; 17,811 bp) region interspersed between inverted repeat (IRa/b; 25,717 bp) regions. A total of 114 unique genes were annotated, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA. The low GC content (37.8%) and codon usage bias for A- or T-ending codons may largely affect gene codon usage. Sequence analysis identified a total of 26 forward repeats, 23 palindrome repeats with lengths >30 bp (identity > 90%), and 54 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) with an average rate of 0.35 SSRs/kb. We predicted 52 RNA editing sites in the chloroplast of , all for C-to-U transitions. IR expansion or contraction and the divergent regions were analyzed among several species including the reported in this study. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole-plastome revealed that , as a member of the Oleaceae family, diverged relatively early from Lamiales. This study will contribute to strengthening medicinal resource conservation, molecular phylogenetic, and genetic engineering research investigations of this species.