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Month of birth, vitamin D and risk of immune-mediated disease: a case control study
A season of birth effect in immune-mediated diseases (ID) such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes has been consistently reported. We aimed to investigate whether season of birth influences the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and systemic lupus erythemato...
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Published in: | BMC medicine 2012-07, Vol.10 (1), p.69-69, Article 69 |
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description | A season of birth effect in immune-mediated diseases (ID) such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes has been consistently reported. We aimed to investigate whether season of birth influences the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and systemic lupus erythematosus in addition to multiple sclerosis, and to explore the correlation between the risk of ID and predicted ultraviolet B (UVB) light exposure and vitamin D status during gestation.
The monthly distribution of births of patients with ID from the UK (n = 115,172) was compared to that of the general population using the Cosinor test. Predicted UVB radiation and vitamin D status in different time windows during pregnancy were calculated for each month of birth and correlated with risk of ID using the Spearman's correlation coefficient.
The distributions of ID births significantly differed from that of the general population (P = 5e-12) with a peak in April (odds ratio = 1.045, 95% confidence interval = 1.024, 1.067, P < 0.0001) and a trough in October (odds ratio = 0.945, 95% confidence interval = 0.925, 0.966, P < 0.0001). Stratification by disease subtype showed seasonality in all ID but Crohn's disease. The risk of ID was inversely correlated with predicted second trimester UVB exposure (Spearman's rho = -0.49, P = 0.00005) and third trimester vitamin D status (Spearman's rho = -0.44, P = 0.0003).
The risk of different ID in the UK is significantly influenced by the season of birth, suggesting the presence of a shared seasonal risk factor or factors predisposing to ID. Gestational UVB and vitamin D exposure may be implicated in the aetiology of ID. |
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The monthly distribution of births of patients with ID from the UK (n = 115,172) was compared to that of the general population using the Cosinor test. Predicted UVB radiation and vitamin D status in different time windows during pregnancy were calculated for each month of birth and correlated with risk of ID using the Spearman's correlation coefficient.
The distributions of ID births significantly differed from that of the general population (P = 5e-12) with a peak in April (odds ratio = 1.045, 95% confidence interval = 1.024, 1.067, P < 0.0001) and a trough in October (odds ratio = 0.945, 95% confidence interval = 0.925, 0.966, P < 0.0001). Stratification by disease subtype showed seasonality in all ID but Crohn's disease. The risk of ID was inversely correlated with predicted second trimester UVB exposure (Spearman's rho = -0.49, P = 0.00005) and third trimester vitamin D status (Spearman's rho = -0.44, P = 0.0003).
The risk of different ID in the UK is significantly influenced by the season of birth, suggesting the presence of a shared seasonal risk factor or factors predisposing to ID. Gestational UVB and vitamin D exposure may be implicated in the aetiology of ID.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1741-7015</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-7015</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-69</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22764877</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Alfacalcidol ; Arthritis ; Autoimmune diseases ; Autoimmune Diseases - blood ; Autoimmune Diseases - epidemiology ; Biotechnology industry ; Birthdays ; Calcifediol ; Case-Control Studies ; Childrens health ; Colitis, Ulcerative - blood ; Colitis, Ulcerative - epidemiology ; Comparative analysis ; Crohn Disease - blood ; Crohn Disease - epidemiology ; Crohn's disease ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Generalized linear models ; Humans ; Hypotheses ; Immunologic diseases ; Infection control ; Inflammatory bowel disease ; Lupus ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Middle Aged ; Multiple sclerosis ; Multiple Sclerosis - blood ; Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology ; Odds Ratio ; Pathogenesis ; Pharmaceutical industry ; Radiation ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Rheumatoid factor ; Risk Factors ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; Sunlight ; Ulcerative colitis ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D - blood ; Vitamin deficiency</subject><ispartof>BMC medicine, 2012-07, Vol.10 (1), p.69-69, Article 69</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2012 Disanto et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright ©2012 Disanto et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Disanto et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b710t-17cea1aa16ff8b6b83077a291799e5b2e306df0110be7e10536964de12d70cd33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b710t-17cea1aa16ff8b6b83077a291799e5b2e306df0110be7e10536964de12d70cd33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3395583/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1027376675?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22764877$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Disanto, Giulio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaplin, George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morahan, Julia M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giovannoni, Gavin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hyppönen, Elina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebers, George C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramagopalan, Sreeram V</creatorcontrib><title>Month of birth, vitamin D and risk of immune-mediated disease: a case control study</title><title>BMC medicine</title><addtitle>BMC Med</addtitle><description>A season of birth effect in immune-mediated diseases (ID) such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes has been consistently reported. We aimed to investigate whether season of birth influences the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and systemic lupus erythematosus in addition to multiple sclerosis, and to explore the correlation between the risk of ID and predicted ultraviolet B (UVB) light exposure and vitamin D status during gestation.
The monthly distribution of births of patients with ID from the UK (n = 115,172) was compared to that of the general population using the Cosinor test. Predicted UVB radiation and vitamin D status in different time windows during pregnancy were calculated for each month of birth and correlated with risk of ID using the Spearman's correlation coefficient.
The distributions of ID births significantly differed from that of the general population (P = 5e-12) with a peak in April (odds ratio = 1.045, 95% confidence interval = 1.024, 1.067, P < 0.0001) and a trough in October (odds ratio = 0.945, 95% confidence interval = 0.925, 0.966, P < 0.0001). Stratification by disease subtype showed seasonality in all ID but Crohn's disease. The risk of ID was inversely correlated with predicted second trimester UVB exposure (Spearman's rho = -0.49, P = 0.00005) and third trimester vitamin D status (Spearman's rho = -0.44, P = 0.0003).
The risk of different ID in the UK is significantly influenced by the season of birth, suggesting the presence of a shared seasonal risk factor or factors predisposing to ID. Gestational UVB and vitamin D exposure may be implicated in the aetiology of ID.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alfacalcidol</subject><subject>Arthritis</subject><subject>Autoimmune diseases</subject><subject>Autoimmune Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Autoimmune Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biotechnology industry</subject><subject>Birthdays</subject><subject>Calcifediol</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Childrens health</subject><subject>Colitis, Ulcerative - blood</subject><subject>Colitis, Ulcerative - epidemiology</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Crohn Disease - blood</subject><subject>Crohn Disease - epidemiology</subject><subject>Crohn's disease</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Generalized linear models</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Immunologic diseases</subject><subject>Infection control</subject><subject>Inflammatory bowel disease</subject><subject>Lupus</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multiple sclerosis</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis - blood</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical industry</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Rheumatoid arthritis</subject><subject>Rheumatoid factor</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Ulcerative colitis</subject><subject>Ultraviolet Rays</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin D - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin deficiency</subject><issn>1741-7015</issn><issn>1741-7015</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kk1v1DAQhiMEoqVw5oYsIXEirSdO7IQDUilflYo4AGfLH5ONlyQudlKp_x6HLctGKvLB1sw7j_3OOMueAz0FqPkZiBJyQaHKgea8eZAd7yMPD85H2ZMYt5QWlRDl4-yoKAQvayGOs29f_Dh1xLdEuzB1r8mNm9TgRvKeqNGS4OLPJemGYR4xH9A6NaEl1kVUEd8QRUzaiUmU4HsSp9nePs0etaqP-OxuP8l-fPzw_eJzfvX10-XF-VWuBdApB2FQgVLA27bWXNeMCqGKBkTTYKULZJTblgJQjQKBVow3vLQIhRXUWMZOsssd13q1ldfBDSrcSq-c_BPwYSNVmJzpUTJgTBulsFVQ8lI3tbZUazQ8XSCaIrHe7ljXs04uDSY_ql9B15nRdXLjbyRjTVXVy2Pe7QDa-f8A1hnjB7kMSC4DkkAlbxLk5d0rgv81Y5zk1s9hTE1MgkIwwbmo_qk2KllzY-sT0AwuGnlesRLqhsPCOr1HlZbFwaV5YetSfFXw6qCgQ9VPXfT9PDk_xrXwbCc0wccYsN27TC6Wb3mPrxeH3d3r__5D9htMO9sW</recordid><startdate>20120706</startdate><enddate>20120706</enddate><creator>Disanto, Giulio</creator><creator>Chaplin, George</creator><creator>Morahan, Julia M</creator><creator>Giovannoni, Gavin</creator><creator>Hyppönen, Elina</creator><creator>Ebers, George C</creator><creator>Ramagopalan, Sreeram V</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><general>BMC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120706</creationdate><title>Month of birth, vitamin D and risk of immune-mediated disease: a case control study</title><author>Disanto, Giulio ; Chaplin, George ; Morahan, Julia M ; Giovannoni, Gavin ; Hyppönen, Elina ; Ebers, George C ; Ramagopalan, Sreeram V</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b710t-17cea1aa16ff8b6b83077a291799e5b2e306df0110be7e10536964de12d70cd33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Alfacalcidol</topic><topic>Arthritis</topic><topic>Autoimmune diseases</topic><topic>Autoimmune Diseases - blood</topic><topic>Autoimmune Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Biotechnology industry</topic><topic>Birthdays</topic><topic>Calcifediol</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Childrens health</topic><topic>Colitis, Ulcerative - blood</topic><topic>Colitis, Ulcerative - epidemiology</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Crohn Disease - blood</topic><topic>Crohn Disease - epidemiology</topic><topic>Crohn's disease</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Generalized linear models</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Immunologic diseases</topic><topic>Infection control</topic><topic>Inflammatory bowel disease</topic><topic>Lupus</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine, Experimental</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multiple sclerosis</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis - blood</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical industry</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Rheumatoid arthritis</topic><topic>Rheumatoid factor</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Seasonal variations</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Sunlight</topic><topic>Ulcerative colitis</topic><topic>Ultraviolet Rays</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><topic>Vitamin D - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin deficiency</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Disanto, Giulio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaplin, George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morahan, Julia M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giovannoni, Gavin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hyppönen, Elina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebers, George C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramagopalan, Sreeram V</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>BMC medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Disanto, Giulio</au><au>Chaplin, George</au><au>Morahan, Julia M</au><au>Giovannoni, Gavin</au><au>Hyppönen, Elina</au><au>Ebers, George C</au><au>Ramagopalan, Sreeram V</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Month of birth, vitamin D and risk of immune-mediated disease: a case control study</atitle><jtitle>BMC medicine</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Med</addtitle><date>2012-07-06</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>69</spage><epage>69</epage><pages>69-69</pages><artnum>69</artnum><issn>1741-7015</issn><eissn>1741-7015</eissn><abstract>A season of birth effect in immune-mediated diseases (ID) such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes has been consistently reported. We aimed to investigate whether season of birth influences the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and systemic lupus erythematosus in addition to multiple sclerosis, and to explore the correlation between the risk of ID and predicted ultraviolet B (UVB) light exposure and vitamin D status during gestation.
The monthly distribution of births of patients with ID from the UK (n = 115,172) was compared to that of the general population using the Cosinor test. Predicted UVB radiation and vitamin D status in different time windows during pregnancy were calculated for each month of birth and correlated with risk of ID using the Spearman's correlation coefficient.
The distributions of ID births significantly differed from that of the general population (P = 5e-12) with a peak in April (odds ratio = 1.045, 95% confidence interval = 1.024, 1.067, P < 0.0001) and a trough in October (odds ratio = 0.945, 95% confidence interval = 0.925, 0.966, P < 0.0001). Stratification by disease subtype showed seasonality in all ID but Crohn's disease. The risk of ID was inversely correlated with predicted second trimester UVB exposure (Spearman's rho = -0.49, P = 0.00005) and third trimester vitamin D status (Spearman's rho = -0.44, P = 0.0003).
The risk of different ID in the UK is significantly influenced by the season of birth, suggesting the presence of a shared seasonal risk factor or factors predisposing to ID. Gestational UVB and vitamin D exposure may be implicated in the aetiology of ID.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>22764877</pmid><doi>10.1186/1741-7015-10-69</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Alfacalcidol Arthritis Autoimmune diseases Autoimmune Diseases - blood Autoimmune Diseases - epidemiology Biotechnology industry Birthdays Calcifediol Case-Control Studies Childrens health Colitis, Ulcerative - blood Colitis, Ulcerative - epidemiology Comparative analysis Crohn Disease - blood Crohn Disease - epidemiology Crohn's disease Epidemiology Female Generalized linear models Humans Hypotheses Immunologic diseases Infection control Inflammatory bowel disease Lupus Male Medical research Medicine, Experimental Middle Aged Multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis - blood Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology Odds Ratio Pathogenesis Pharmaceutical industry Radiation Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid factor Risk Factors Seasonal variations Seasons Sunlight Ulcerative colitis Ultraviolet Rays Vitamin D Vitamin D - blood Vitamin deficiency |
title | Month of birth, vitamin D and risk of immune-mediated disease: a case control study |
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