Searching for Atherosclerosis Biomarkers by Proteomics: A Focus on Lesion Pathogenesis and Vulnerability

Plaque rupture and thrombosis are the most important clinical complications in the pathogenesis of stroke, coronary arteries, and peripheral vascular diseases. The identification of early biomarkers of plaque presence and susceptibility to ulceration could be of primary importance in preventing such...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-10, Vol.24 (20), p.15175
Main Authors: Nieddu, Gabriele, Formato, Marilena, Lepedda, Antonio Junior
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Apolipoproteins
atherogenesis
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Blood clot
Blood lipids
Cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol
Chromatography
Coronary Vessels - pathology
Diagnosis
High density lipoprotein
Humans
Inflammation
Laboratories
Lipoproteins
lipoproteomics
Losses
Mass spectrometry
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Physiology
plaque vulnerability
Plaque, Atherosclerotic
Proteins
Proteomics
proteomics of the atherosclerotic plaque
Review
Scientific imaging
Stroke
Thrombosis
Type 2 diabetes
Veins & arteries
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Summary:Plaque rupture and thrombosis are the most important clinical complications in the pathogenesis of stroke, coronary arteries, and peripheral vascular diseases. The identification of early biomarkers of plaque presence and susceptibility to ulceration could be of primary importance in preventing such life-threatening events. With the improvement of proteomic tools, large-scale technologies have been proven valuable in attempting to unravel pathways of atherosclerotic degeneration and identifying new circulating markers to be utilized either as early diagnostic traits or as targets for new drug therapies. To address these issues, different matrices of human origin, such as vascular cells, arterial tissues, plasma, and urine, have been investigated. Besides, proteomics was also applied to experimental atherosclerosis in order to unveil significant insights into the mechanisms influencing atherogenesis. This narrative review provides an overview of the last twenty years of omics applications to the study of atherogenesis and lesion vulnerability, with particular emphasis on lipoproteomics and vascular tissue proteomics. Major issues of tissue analyses, such as plaque complexity, sampling, availability, choice of proper controls, and lipoproteins purification, will be raised, and future directions will be addressed.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms242015175