Recognize Yourself-Innate Sensing of Non-LTR Retrotransposons

Although mobile genetic elements, or transposons, have played an important role in genome evolution, excess activity of mobile elements can have detrimental consequences. Already, the enhanced expression of transposons-derived nucleic acids can trigger autoimmune reactions that may result in severe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2021-01, Vol.13 (1), p.94
Main Authors: Lagisquet, Justine, Zuber, Kilian, Gramberg, Thomas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alu
Alu Elements
Animals
autoimmune disease
Disease Susceptibility - immunology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
inflammation
LINE-1
Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements
nucleic acid sensing
PRR
Retroelements
Review
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Summary:Although mobile genetic elements, or transposons, have played an important role in genome evolution, excess activity of mobile elements can have detrimental consequences. Already, the enhanced expression of transposons-derived nucleic acids can trigger autoimmune reactions that may result in severe autoinflammatory disorders. Thus, cells contain several layers of protective measures to restrict transposons and to sense the enhanced activity of these "intragenomic pathogens". This review focuses on our current understanding of immunogenic patterns derived from the most active elements in humans, the retrotransposons long interspersed element (LINE)-1 and Alu. We describe the role of known pattern recognition receptors in nucleic acid sensing of LINE-1 and Alu and the possible consequences for autoimmune diseases.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v13010094