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Recognize Yourself-Innate Sensing of Non-LTR Retrotransposons

Although mobile genetic elements, or transposons, have played an important role in genome evolution, excess activity of mobile elements can have detrimental consequences. Already, the enhanced expression of transposons-derived nucleic acids can trigger autoimmune reactions that may result in severe...

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Published in:	Viruses 2021-01, Vol.13 (1), p.94
Main Authors:	Lagisquet, Justine, Zuber, Kilian, Gramberg, Thomas
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Alu Alu Elements Animals autoimmune disease Disease Susceptibility - immunology Genetic Predisposition to Disease Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans inflammation LINE-1 Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements nucleic acid sensing PRR Retroelements Review
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container_title	Viruses
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creator	Lagisquet, Justine Zuber, Kilian Gramberg, Thomas
description	Although mobile genetic elements, or transposons, have played an important role in genome evolution, excess activity of mobile elements can have detrimental consequences. Already, the enhanced expression of transposons-derived nucleic acids can trigger autoimmune reactions that may result in severe autoinflammatory disorders. Thus, cells contain several layers of protective measures to restrict transposons and to sense the enhanced activity of these "intragenomic pathogens". This review focuses on our current understanding of immunogenic patterns derived from the most active elements in humans, the retrotransposons long interspersed element (LINE)-1 and Alu. We describe the role of known pattern recognition receptors in nucleic acid sensing of LINE-1 and Alu and the possible consequences for autoimmune diseases.
doi_str_mv	10.3390/v13010094
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subjects	Alu Alu Elements Animals autoimmune disease Disease Susceptibility - immunology Genetic Predisposition to Disease Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans inflammation LINE-1 Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements nucleic acid sensing PRR Retroelements Review
title	Recognize Yourself-Innate Sensing of Non-LTR Retrotransposons
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