How do Chinese people evaluate “Tang-Ping” (lying flat) and effort-making: The moderation effect of return expectation

• Published in: Frontiers in psychology 2022-11, Vol.13, p.871439-871439
• Main Author: Hsu, Han-Yu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: effort-making; improvement belief of effort; obligation belief of effort; Psychology; return expectation; Tang-Ping
• ISSN: 1664-1078; 1664-1078
• DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871439

“Tang-Ping” (TP), referring to “lying flat” literally, has been a buzzword in China web media since 2021. As the opponent of effort-making (EM) behaviors which have both instrumental and purpose values in Confucian culture, TP has a negative moral implication in China and has been criticized by the state-owned media. Meanwhile, the meaning of TP also contains a negative form of resistance toward social and organizational inequality, which may be acceptable under unfair circumstances. This study employed the imagined-scenario method to investigate the public’s moral evaluations of TP and EM behaviors under conditions of different return expectations. An online questionnaire with 2 (TP vs. EM) by 2 (low vs. high return expectation) between-participants designed scenarios were employed, along with the measurements of obligation belief of effort (OBE) and improvement belief of effort (IBE) scales ( N = 210). The results found that (1) TP behaviors were evaluated as morally wrong in general, while EM behaviors were morally right; (2) the return expectation of the scenario moderated the behavior type’s effect on moral evaluation, that EM behaviors were evaluated positively regardless of return expectation, while TP behaviors became acceptable with a neutral score under the low return expectation; (3) both OBE and IBE correlated positively with evaluations of EM while negatively with evaluations of TP. The theoretical and practical implications were discussed.