Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Family Based on Transcriptome Data from Caucasian Clover and Analysis of Expression Responses to Hormones

Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is an excellent perennial plant in the legume family Fabaceae, with a well-developed rhizome and strong clonal growth. Auxin is one of the most important phytohormones in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development. Auxin response...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-10, Vol.24 (20), p.15357
Main Authors: Jiang, Jingwen, Wang, Zicheng, Chen, Zirui, Wu, Yuchen, Mu, Meiqi, Nie, Wanting, Zhao, Siwen, Cui, Guowen, Yin, Xiujie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
Amino acids
auxin
auxin response factors
Beans
Caucasian clover
Chemical properties
evolutionary analysis
Genes
hormonal response
Legumes
Maximum likelihood method
Mimosaceae
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plant hormones
Proteins
White people
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Summary:Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is an excellent perennial plant in the legume family Fabaceae, with a well-developed rhizome and strong clonal growth. Auxin is one of the most important phytohormones in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development. Auxin response factor (ARF) can regulate the expression of auxin-responsive genes, thus participating in multiple pathways of auxin transduction signaling in a synergistic manner. No genomic database has been established for Caucasian clover. In this study, 71 TaARF genes were identified through a transcriptomic database of Caucasian clover rhizome development. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the TaARFs into six (1–6) clades. Thirty TaARFs contained a complete ARF structure, including three relatively conserved regions. Physical and chemical property analysis revealed that TaARFs are unstable and hydrophilic proteins. We also analyzed the expression pattern of TaARFs in different tissues (taproot, horizontal rhizome, swelling of taproot, rhizome bud and rhizome bud tip). Quantitative real–time RT–PCR revealed that all TaARFs were responsive to phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate) in roots, stems and leaves. These results helped elucidate the role of ARFs in responses to different hormone treatments in Caucasian clover.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms242015357