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Transmitted Fetal Immune Response in Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infections during Pregnancy
(1) Background: Little is known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the placenta, and whether the maternal inflammatory response is transmitted vertically. This research aims to provide information about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and fetal immunity. (2) Methods: We have studied...
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Published in: | Diagnostics (Basel) 2022-01, Vol.12 (2), p.245 |
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creator | González-Mesa, Ernesto García-Fuentes, Eduardo Carvia-Pontiasec, Rafael Lavado-Fernández, Ana I Cuenca-Marín, Celia Suárez-Arana, María Blasco-Alonso, Marta Benítez-Lara, Blanca Mozas-Benítez, Laura González-Cazorla, Ana Egeberg-Neverdal, Herink Jiménez-López, Jesús S |
description | (1) Background: Little is known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the placenta, and whether the maternal inflammatory response is transmitted vertically. This research aims to provide information about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and fetal immunity. (2) Methods: We have studied placental changes and humoral and cellular immunity in maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples from a group of pregnant women delivering after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. IgG and IgM SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, Interleukin 1b (IL1b), Interleukin 6 (IL6), and gamma-Interferon (IFN-γ), have been studied in the UCB samples. Lymphocyte subsets were studied according to CD3, CD8, CD4, CD34, and invariant natural Killer T cells (iNKT) markers. We used in situ hybridization techniques for the detection of viral RNA in placentas. (3) Results: During the study period, 79 pregnant women and their corresponding newborns were recruited. The main gestational age at the time of delivery was 39.1 weeks (SD 1.3). We did not find traces of the SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in any of the analyzed placental samples. Detectable concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IL1b, IL6, and IFN-γ, in UCB were found in all cases, but IgM antibodies anti-ARS-CoV-2 were systematically undetectable. We found significant correlations between fetal CD3+ mononuclear cells and UCB IgG concentrations. We also found significant correlations between UCB IgG concentrations and fetal CD3+/CD4+, as well as CD3+/CD8+ T cells subsets. We also discovered that fetal CD3+/CD8+ cell counts were significantly higher in those cases with placental infarctions. (4) Conclusion: we have not verified the placental transfer of SARS-CoV-2. However, we have discovered that a significant immune response is being transmitted to the fetus in cases of SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/diagnostics12020245 |
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This research aims to provide information about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and fetal immunity. (2) Methods: We have studied placental changes and humoral and cellular immunity in maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples from a group of pregnant women delivering after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. IgG and IgM SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, Interleukin 1b (IL1b), Interleukin 6 (IL6), and gamma-Interferon (IFN-γ), have been studied in the UCB samples. Lymphocyte subsets were studied according to CD3, CD8, CD4, CD34, and invariant natural Killer T cells (iNKT) markers. We used in situ hybridization techniques for the detection of viral RNA in placentas. (3) Results: During the study period, 79 pregnant women and their corresponding newborns were recruited. The main gestational age at the time of delivery was 39.1 weeks (SD 1.3). We did not find traces of the SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in any of the analyzed placental samples. Detectable concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IL1b, IL6, and IFN-γ, in UCB were found in all cases, but IgM antibodies anti-ARS-CoV-2 were systematically undetectable. We found significant correlations between fetal CD3+ mononuclear cells and UCB IgG concentrations. We also found significant correlations between UCB IgG concentrations and fetal CD3+/CD4+, as well as CD3+/CD8+ T cells subsets. We also discovered that fetal CD3+/CD8+ cell counts were significantly higher in those cases with placental infarctions. (4) Conclusion: we have not verified the placental transfer of SARS-CoV-2. However, we have discovered that a significant immune response is being transmitted to the fetus in cases of SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2075-4418</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2075-4418</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020245</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35204335</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Biobanks ; Biomedical research ; Consent ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 and pregnancy ; Disease transmission ; Ethics ; fetal immune system ; fetal lymphocyte subsets ; Fetuses ; Gestational age ; Hematology ; Hospitals ; Immune system ; Infections ; Mortality ; Obstetrics ; Placenta ; Pneumonia ; Pregnancy ; Public health ; Respiratory distress syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Umbilical cord ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Diagnostics (Basel), 2022-01, Vol.12 (2), p.245</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-92ef2b1f720e55442e2dc3eed357189b780881a0555b6402d045529e8a2c2c253</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-92ef2b1f720e55442e2dc3eed357189b780881a0555b6402d045529e8a2c2c253</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7286-8656 ; 0000-0002-3491-2724 ; 0000-0002-7106-092X ; 0000-0002-1199-5459 ; 0000-0003-4778-3172</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2632685087?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2632685087?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,38516,43895,44590,53791,53793,74412,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35204335$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>González-Mesa, Ernesto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>García-Fuentes, Eduardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvia-Pontiasec, Rafael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lavado-Fernández, Ana I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cuenca-Marín, Celia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suárez-Arana, María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blasco-Alonso, Marta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benítez-Lara, Blanca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mozas-Benítez, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-Cazorla, Ana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Egeberg-Neverdal, Herink</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-López, Jesús S</creatorcontrib><title>Transmitted Fetal Immune Response in Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infections during Pregnancy</title><title>Diagnostics (Basel)</title><addtitle>Diagnostics (Basel)</addtitle><description>(1) Background: Little is known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the placenta, and whether the maternal inflammatory response is transmitted vertically. This research aims to provide information about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and fetal immunity. (2) Methods: We have studied placental changes and humoral and cellular immunity in maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples from a group of pregnant women delivering after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. IgG and IgM SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, Interleukin 1b (IL1b), Interleukin 6 (IL6), and gamma-Interferon (IFN-γ), have been studied in the UCB samples. Lymphocyte subsets were studied according to CD3, CD8, CD4, CD34, and invariant natural Killer T cells (iNKT) markers. We used in situ hybridization techniques for the detection of viral RNA in placentas. (3) Results: During the study period, 79 pregnant women and their corresponding newborns were recruited. The main gestational age at the time of delivery was 39.1 weeks (SD 1.3). We did not find traces of the SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in any of the analyzed placental samples. Detectable concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IL1b, IL6, and IFN-γ, in UCB were found in all cases, but IgM antibodies anti-ARS-CoV-2 were systematically undetectable. We found significant correlations between fetal CD3+ mononuclear cells and UCB IgG concentrations. We also found significant correlations between UCB IgG concentrations and fetal CD3+/CD4+, as well as CD3+/CD8+ T cells subsets. We also discovered that fetal CD3+/CD8+ cell counts were significantly higher in those cases with placental infarctions. (4) Conclusion: we have not verified the placental transfer of SARS-CoV-2. However, we have discovered that a significant immune response is being transmitted to the fetus in cases of SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection.</description><subject>Biobanks</subject><subject>Biomedical research</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 and pregnancy</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>fetal immune system</subject><subject>fetal lymphocyte subsets</subject><subject>Fetuses</subject><subject>Gestational age</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Obstetrics</subject><subject>Placenta</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Respiratory distress syndrome</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 infection</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Umbilical cord</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>2075-4418</issn><issn>2075-4418</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>COVID</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk1r3DAQhkVpaUKSXxAogl56capPW74UwpI0C4GGZJurkKWxq8WWtpJdyL-v0k1DUqo5aJCeedG8GoROKTnjvCWfnTdDiHn2NlNGSgj5Bh0y0shKCKrevsgP0EnOW1JWS7li8j064JIRwbk8RJtNMiFPfp7B4UuYzYjX07QEwLeQdzFkwD7glcmQcezx3fntXbWK9xXD69CDnX1BsFuSDwO-STAEE-zDMXrXmzHDydN-hL5fXmxWV9X1t6_r1fl1ZUXbzlXLoGcd7RtGQEohGDBnOYDjsqGq7RpFlKKGSCm7WhDmiJCStaAMsyUkP0Lrva6LZqt3yU8mPehovP5zENOgTSoWjaA5dbSTlPfcMkGUKVaIWvSWOWiEAlu0vuy1dks3gbMQ5mTGV6Kvb4L_oYf4SyvVFKfrIvDpSSDFnwvkWU8-WxhHEyAuWbOa89KO4G1BP_6DbuOSQrHqkWK1kkQ1heJ7yqaYc4L--TGU6Mch0P8ZglL14WUfzzV_v5z_BkvJrjM</recordid><startdate>20220119</startdate><enddate>20220119</enddate><creator>González-Mesa, Ernesto</creator><creator>García-Fuentes, Eduardo</creator><creator>Carvia-Pontiasec, Rafael</creator><creator>Lavado-Fernández, Ana I</creator><creator>Cuenca-Marín, Celia</creator><creator>Suárez-Arana, María</creator><creator>Blasco-Alonso, Marta</creator><creator>Benítez-Lara, Blanca</creator><creator>Mozas-Benítez, Laura</creator><creator>González-Cazorla, Ana</creator><creator>Egeberg-Neverdal, Herink</creator><creator>Jiménez-López, Jesús S</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7286-8656</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-2724</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-092X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-5459</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-3172</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220119</creationdate><title>Transmitted Fetal Immune Response in Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infections during Pregnancy</title><author>González-Mesa, Ernesto ; 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This research aims to provide information about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and fetal immunity. (2) Methods: We have studied placental changes and humoral and cellular immunity in maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples from a group of pregnant women delivering after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. IgG and IgM SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, Interleukin 1b (IL1b), Interleukin 6 (IL6), and gamma-Interferon (IFN-γ), have been studied in the UCB samples. Lymphocyte subsets were studied according to CD3, CD8, CD4, CD34, and invariant natural Killer T cells (iNKT) markers. We used in situ hybridization techniques for the detection of viral RNA in placentas. (3) Results: During the study period, 79 pregnant women and their corresponding newborns were recruited. The main gestational age at the time of delivery was 39.1 weeks (SD 1.3). We did not find traces of the SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in any of the analyzed placental samples. Detectable concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IL1b, IL6, and IFN-γ, in UCB were found in all cases, but IgM antibodies anti-ARS-CoV-2 were systematically undetectable. We found significant correlations between fetal CD3+ mononuclear cells and UCB IgG concentrations. We also found significant correlations between UCB IgG concentrations and fetal CD3+/CD4+, as well as CD3+/CD8+ T cells subsets. We also discovered that fetal CD3+/CD8+ cell counts were significantly higher in those cases with placental infarctions. (4) Conclusion: we have not verified the placental transfer of SARS-CoV-2. 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subjects | Biobanks Biomedical research Consent Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 and pregnancy Disease transmission Ethics fetal immune system fetal lymphocyte subsets Fetuses Gestational age Hematology Hospitals Immune system Infections Mortality Obstetrics Placenta Pneumonia Pregnancy Public health Respiratory distress syndrome SARS-CoV-2 infection Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Umbilical cord Womens health |
title | Transmitted Fetal Immune Response in Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infections during Pregnancy |
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