Weak shock compaction on granular salt

This study conducted integrated experiments and computational modeling to investigate the speeds of a developing shock within granular salt and analyzed the effect of various impact velocities up to 245 m/s. Experiments were conducted on table salt utilizing a novel setup with a considerable bore le...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2024-07, Vol.14 (1), p.16695-15, Article 16695
Main Authors: Seo, Dawa, Heatwole, Eric M., Feagin, Trevor A., Lopez-Pulliam, Ian D., Luscher, Darby J., Koskelo, Aaron, Kenamond, Mack, Rousculp, Christopher, Ticknor, Christopher, Scovel, Christina, Daphalapurkar, Nitin P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
639/166/988
704/2151/2809
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS
Clean technology
Compaction
Deformation
Experiments
Force chain
Granular materials
Humanities and Social Sciences
Image processing
Laboratories
Mesoscale
Morphology
multidisciplinary
Porous materials
Salt
Salts
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Shock
Shock waves
Simulation
Velocity
Weak shock compaction
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Summary:This study conducted integrated experiments and computational modeling to investigate the speeds of a developing shock within granular salt and analyzed the effect of various impact velocities up to 245 m/s. Experiments were conducted on table salt utilizing a novel setup with a considerable bore length for the sample, enabling visualization of a moving shock wave. Experimental analysis using particle image velocimetry enabled the characterization of shock velocity and particle velocity histories. Mesoscale simulations further enabled advanced analysis of the shock wave’s substructure. In simulations, the shock front’s precursor was shown to have a heterogeneous nature, which is usually modeled as uniform in continuum analyses. The presence of force chains results in a spread out of the shock precursor over a greater ramp distance. With increasing impact velocity, the shock front thickness reduces, and the precursor of the shock front becomes less heterogeneous. Furthermore, mesoscale modeling suggests the formation of force chains behind the shock front, even under the conditions of weak shock. This study presents novel mesoscale simulation results on salt corroborated with data from experiments, thereby characterizing the compaction front speeds in the weak shock regime.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-67652-z