Linoleic Acid Inhibits the Release of Leishmania donovani Derived Microvesicles and Decreases Its Survival in Macrophages

• Published in: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2020-08, Vol.10, p.406-406
• Main Authors: Saini, Sheetal, Rai, Ambak Kumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Cellular and Infection Microbiology; immune-modulation; Leishmania derived microvesicles; Leishmania donovani; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Linoleic Acid; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Parasite Load; visceral leishmaniasis
• ISSN: 2235-2988; 2235-2988
• DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00406

Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasite in the Indian subcontinent. Macrophages (mϕ) are the harboring cells for parasite and their interactions dictate the pathogenesis of this disease. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are an integral part of the mϕ cell membrane and are derived from linoleic acid (LA), which is a principal essential fatty acid. Here, we have investigated the effect of the simultaneous presence of LA during infection in mϕ. Treatment with LA suppresses the parasitic load in mϕ (kDNA expression) and promotes the Th-1 type immune response (IL-12, iNOS). However, no significant change in kDNA expressions was observed when promastigotes were treated with LA. Intrigued by this observation, we explored mechanism(s) by which LA promoted the protective type immune response in infected mϕ. Interestingly, LA decreased the release of derived extracellular vesicle later characterized as microvesicles. Moreover, these microvesicles were suppressive concerning their bias toward the Th-2 type of immune responses (IL-10, Arginase) in mϕ. We suggest that LA plays a protective role in the immune response against infection by inhibiting the release to derived microvesicles and thus promoting Th-1 type immune response in mϕ.