Japanese Encephalitis Enzootic and Epidemic Risks across Australia

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an arboviral, encephalitogenic, zoonotic flavivirus characterized by its complex epidemiology whose transmission cycle involves reservoir and amplifying hosts, competent vector species and optimal environmental conditions. Although typically endemic in Asia and p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2023-02, Vol.15 (2), p.450
Main Authors: Furlong, Morgan, Adamu, Andrew M, Hoskins, Andrew, Russell, Tanya L, Gummow, Bruce, Golchin, Maryam, Hickson, Roslyn I, Horwood, Paul F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Animal models
Animals
Australia
Australia - epidemiology
Control
Culex spp
Distribution
Domestic animals
Encephalitis
Encephalitis Virus, Japanese
Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese
Encephalitis, Japanese - epidemiology
Encephalitis, Japanese - veterinary
Endemic diseases
Environmental conditions
Epidemics
epidemiological modelling
Epidemiology
Estimates
feral pigs
Hogs
Humans
Infections
Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis virus
Mathematical models
Mosquito Vectors
Mosquitoes
Population density
Risk factors
Vectors
Virus research
waterbirds
Waterfowl
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Summary:Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an arboviral, encephalitogenic, zoonotic flavivirus characterized by its complex epidemiology whose transmission cycle involves reservoir and amplifying hosts, competent vector species and optimal environmental conditions. Although typically endemic in Asia and parts of the Pacific Islands, unprecedented outbreaks in both humans and domestic pigs in southeastern Australia emphasize the virus' expanding geographical range. To estimate areas at highest risk of JEV transmission in Australia, ecological niche models of vectors and waterbirds, a sample of piggery coordinates and feral pig population density models were combined using mathematical and geospatial mapping techniques. These results highlight that both coastal and inland regions across the continent are estimated to have varying risks of enzootic and/or epidemic JEV transmission. We recommend increased surveillance of waterbirds, feral pigs and mosquito populations in areas where domestic pigs and human populations are present.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v15020450