Effects of Wheat Biscuits Enriched with Plant Proteins Incorporated into an Energy-Restricted Dietary Plan on Postprandial Metabolic Responses of Women with Overweight/Obesity

• Published in: Nutrients 2024-04, Vol.16 (8), p.1229
• Main Authors: Kanata, Maria-Christina, Yanni, Amalia E, Koliaki, Chrysi, Pateras, Irene, Anastasiou, Ioanna A, Kokkinos, Alexander, Karathanos, Vaios T
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Amino acids; Analysis; BCAAs; biscuits; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body mass index; Body weight; Caloric Restriction - methods; Dextrose; Energy Intake; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Exercise; Female; Ghrelin - blood; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucose; Health aspects; Humans; Insulin - blood; Insulin resistance; Kinases; L-arg; Middle Aged; Obesity; Obesity - diet therapy; Obesity - metabolism; Overweight - diet therapy; Overweight - metabolism; plant proteins; Plant Proteins - administration & dosage; Postprandial Period; Triticum; Weight Loss; Women
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu16081229

This study investigates the effect of daily consumption of wheat biscuits enriched with plant proteins in postprandial metabolic responses of women with overweight/obesity who follow an energy-restricted diet. Thirty apparently healthy women participated in a 12-week randomized controlled trial and were assigned either to a control (CB) or an intervention (PB) group. Participants consumed daily either a conventional (CB) or an isocaloric wheat biscuit enriched with plant proteins (PB) containing high amounts of amino acids with appetite-regulating properties, i.e., BCAAs and L-arg. At baseline and the end of the intervention, a mixed meal tolerance test was performed. The responses of glucose, insulin, ghrelin, GLP-1, and glicentin were evaluated over 180 min. After 12 weeks, both groups experienced significant decreases in body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference. In the PB group, a trend towards higher weight loss was observed, accompanied by lower carbohydrate, fat, and energy intakes ( < 0.05 compared to baseline and CB group), while decreases in fasting insulin and the HOMA-IR index were also observed ( < 0.05 compared to baseline). In both groups, similar postprandial glucose, ghrelin, and GLP-1 responses were detected, while iAUC for insulin was lower ( < 0.05). Interestingly, the iAUC of glicentin was greater in the PB group ( < 0.05 compared to baseline). Subjective appetite ratings were beneficially affected in both groups ( < 0.05). Consumption of wheat biscuits enriched in plant proteins contributed to greater weight loss, lower energy intake, and insulin resistance and had a positive impact on postprandial glicentin response, a peptide that can potentially predict long-term weight loss and decreased food intake.