Enrichment of Pistachio Shell with Olive Mill Waste or Lathyrus clymenum Pericarp Mixtures via Solid State Fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus

• Published in: Fermentation (Basel) 2022-02, Vol.8 (2), p.59
• Main Authors: Eliopoulos, Christos, Markou, Giorgos, Kremmyda, Alexandra, Haroutounian, Serkos A., Arapoglou, Dimitrios
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural wastes; Biomass; Cellulose; crude protein enrichment; Enzymes; Exploitation; Feeds; Fermentation; Food; Food additives; Food processing industry wastes; Fungi; Glucans; Industrial wastes; Lathyrus clymenum; Lignin; Lignocellulose; Microorganisms; Nutrient content; olive mill stone waste; Pericarp; pistachio shell; Pleurotus ostreatus; Proteins; Seeds; Solid state fermentation; sustainable management; waste valorization; β-Glucan
• ISSN: 2311-5637; 2311-5637
• DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020059

The study herein concerns the application of the solid-state fermentation (SSF) bioprocess of agro-industrial wastes as a means to improve their nutritional composition, targeting their utilization as proteinaceous animal feed. The fermentation outcome resulted from the mixtures of Olive Mill Stone Waste (OMSW) with Pistachio Shell (PS) and PS with Lathyrus clymenum pericarp (LP) at various proportions via SSF initiated by P. ostreatus. The addition of 20% w/w of LPs to PS recorded the highest crude protein content (%) increase of 33.87% while concerning cellulose content, 50% w/w addition presented the highest value (37.68%). Concerning lignin presence, PS and its additions to OMSW recorded a reduction, the ratio of 100% w/w of PS was found to be decreased by 14.22% whereas, 20% w/w of LP additions to PS displayed an increment of 38.25%. Regarding β-glucans content, the mixture of 50% w/w of LP to PS recorded the highest value (5.19%) while 100% w/w of PS presented a vast increment exceeding 480-folds. The OMSW, PS and LP mixtures revealed their potential as supplements in animals’ diets after their nutritional upgrade through SSF. Such studies highlight the contribution to the confrontation of the unavailability of proteinaceous animal feed in the terms of a circular economy.