Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review

In recent decades, the presence of micropollutants in the environment has been extensively studied due to their high frequency of occurrence, persistence and possible adverse effects to exposed organisms. Concerning chiral micropollutants in the environment, enantiomers are frequently ignored and en...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Symmetry (Basel) 2017-10, Vol.9 (10), p.215
Main Authors: Ribeiro, Cláudia, Ribeiro, Ana, Maia, Alexandra, Tiritan, Maria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic environment
Biocompatibility
Biological activity
chiral chromatography
chiral drugs
Chromatography
Drugs
Ecological risk assessment
Enantiomers
environment
Gas chromatography
illicit drugs
PCB
Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Reagents
Recreational use
Risk assessment
Toxicity
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Summary:In recent decades, the presence of micropollutants in the environment has been extensively studied due to their high frequency of occurrence, persistence and possible adverse effects to exposed organisms. Concerning chiral micropollutants in the environment, enantiomers are frequently ignored and enantiomeric composition often neglected. However, enantioselective toxicity is well recognized, highlighting the need to include enantioselectivity in environmental risk assessment. Additionally, the information about enantiomeric fraction (EF) is crucial since it gives insights about: (i) environmental fate (i.e., occurrence, distribution, removal processes and (bio)degradation); (ii) illicit discharges; (iii) consumption pattern (e.g., illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals used as recreational drugs, illicit use of pesticides); and (iv) enantioselective toxicological effects. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review about the enantioselective occurrence of chiral bioactive compounds in aquatic environmental matrices. These include pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic musks (PCMs). Most frequently analytical methods used for separation of enantiomers were liquid chromatography and gas chromatography methodologies using both indirect (enantiomerically pure derivatizing reagents) and direct methods (chiral stationary phases). The occurrence of these chiral micropollutants in the environment is reviewed and future challenges are outlined.
ISSN:2073-8994
2073-8994
DOI:10.3390/sym9100215