Mechanisms of Vernalization-Induced Flowering in Legumes

Vernalization is the requirement for exposure to low temperatures to trigger flowering. The best knowledge about the mechanisms of vernalization response has been accumulated for Arabidopsis and cereals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, vernalization involves an epigenetic silencing of the MADS-box gene FLO...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-09, Vol.23 (17), p.9889
Main Authors: Surkova, Svetlana Yu, Samsonova, Maria G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arabidopsis
Cereals
Cold
Cold flow
cold-induced flowering
Epigenetics
Flowering
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)
flowering time
Genes
Homology
Legumes
Loci
Low temperature
MADS box proteins
Proteins
Review
SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1)
Transcription factors
Vernalization
vernalization response
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Summary:Vernalization is the requirement for exposure to low temperatures to trigger flowering. The best knowledge about the mechanisms of vernalization response has been accumulated for Arabidopsis and cereals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, vernalization involves an epigenetic silencing of the MADS-box gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which is a flowering repressor. FLC silencing releases the expression of the main flowering inductor FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), resulting in a floral transition. Remarkably, no FLC homologues have been identified in the vernalization-responsive legumes, and the mechanisms of cold-mediated transition to flowering in these species remain elusive. Nevertheless, legume FT genes have been shown to retain the function of the main vernalization signal integrators. Unlike Arabidopsis, legumes have three subclades of FT genes, which demonstrate distinct patterns of regulation with respect to environmental cues and tissue specificity. This implies complex mechanisms of vernalization signal propagation in the flowering network, that remain largely elusive. Here, for the first time, we summarize the available information on the genetic basis of cold-induced flowering in legumes with a special focus on the role of FT genes.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23179889