Elevated Incidences of Antimicrobial Resistance and Multidrug Resistance in the Maumee River (Ohio, USA), a Major Tributary of Lake Erie

Maumee River, the major tributary in the western basin of Lake Erie, serves as one of major sources of freshwater in the area, supplying potable, recreational, and industrial water. In this study we collected water samples from four sites in the Maumee River Bay between 2016-2017 and was isolated, e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2021-04, Vol.9 (5), p.911
Main Authors: Mukherjee, Maitreyee, Marie, Leah, Liles, Cheyenne, Mustafa, Nadia, Bullerjahn, George, Gentry, Terry J, Brooks, John P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Ampicillin
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Aquatic ecosystems
Bacteria
Cefoperazone
Cephalothin
Ciprofloxacin
Drinking water
Drug resistance
E coli
Gentamicin
Glycerol
High resistance
Industrial water
Laboratories
Lakes
Multidrug resistance
Public health
Recreation areas
Rivers
Sulfamethoxazole
Tributaries
Water analysis
Water quality
Water sampling
Water treatment
watershed
Watersheds
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Summary:Maumee River, the major tributary in the western basin of Lake Erie, serves as one of major sources of freshwater in the area, supplying potable, recreational, and industrial water. In this study we collected water samples from four sites in the Maumee River Bay between 2016-2017 and was isolated, enumerated, and analyzed for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR). Strikingly, 95% of the total isolates were found to be resistant to at least one antibiotic. A very high resistance to the drugs cephalothin (95.3%), ampicillin (38.3%), tetracycline (8.8%), gentamicin (8.2%), ciprofloxacin (4.2%), cefoperazone (4%), and sulfamethoxazole (1.5%) was observed within isolates from all four sampling sites. Percentages of AMR and MDR was consistently very high in the summer and fall months, whereas it was observed to be lowest in the winter. A remarkably high number of the isolates were detected to be MDR-95% resistant to ≥1 antibiotic, 43% resistant to ≥2 antibiotics, 15% resistant to ≥3 antibiotics, 4.9% resistant to ≥4 antibiotic and 1.2% resistant to ≥5 antibiotics. This data will serve in better understanding the environmental occurrence and dissemination of AMR/MDR in the area and assist in improving and establishing control measures.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms9050911