Dyslipidemia in retinal metabolic disorders

• Published in: EMBO molecular medicine 2019-10, Vol.11 (10), p.e10473-n/a
• Main Authors: Fu, Zhongjie, Chen, Chuck T, Cagnone, Gael, Heckel, Emilie, Sun, Ye, Cakir, Bertan, Tomita, Yohei, Huang, Shuo, Li, Qian, Britton, William, Cho, Steve S, Kern, Timothy S, Hellström, Ann, Joyal, Jean‐Sébastien, Smith, Lois EH
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenosine triphosphate; Animals; association; Autophagy; beta-oxidation; bevacizumab avastin therapy; Career development planning; cerebrovascular accidents; Children & youth; choroidal neovascularization; Clinical Medicine; Diabetes; diabetic-retinopathy; Dietary intake; Disease; Dyslipidemia; Dyslipidemias - complications; Dyslipidemias - pathology; EMBO27; EMBO46; Energy; Energy consumption; Energy Metabolism; Eye diseases; Fatty acids; FGF21; genome-wide; Government grants; Humans; Klinisk medicin; Light; Lipid composition; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; macular degeneration; Metabolic Diseases - complications; Metabolic Diseases - pathology; Metabolic disorders; Mitochondria; Neurophysiology; Phosphorylation; photoreceptor; photoreceptor cells; Photoreceptor Cells - physiology; Photoreceptors; Physiological aspects; polyunsaturated fatty-acids; Research & Experimental Medicine; Retina; Retinal Diseases - etiology; Retinal Diseases - pathology; retinal metabolism; retinitis-pigmentosa; Review; β‐oxidation
• ISSN: 1757-4676; 1757-4684
• DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910473

The light‐sensitive photoreceptors in the retina are extremely metabolically demanding and have the highest density of mitochondria of any cell in the body. Both physiological and pathological retinal vascular growth and regression are controlled by photoreceptor energy demands. It is critical to understand the energy demands of photoreceptors and fuel sources supplying them to understand neurovascular diseases. Retinas are very rich in lipids, which are continuously recycled as lipid‐rich photoreceptor outer segments are shed and reformed and dietary intake of lipids modulates retinal lipid composition. Lipids (as well as glucose) are fuel substrates for photoreceptor mitochondria. Dyslipidemia contributes to the development and progression of retinal dysfunction in many eye diseases. Here, we review photoreceptor energy demands with a focus on lipid metabolism in retinal neurovascular disorders. Graphical Abstract In the growing field of lipid metabolism in retinopathies, this review provides insights on the possible implication of lipid metabolism, energy demands and fuel source in the retina, but also systemic dyslipidemia on neovascular retinopathy.