Toxic Leadership and Empowering Leadership: Relations with Work Motivation

Purpose: The present study aims to verify the association between two opposing models of leadership, toxic and empowering, and the different dimensions of work motivation. Participants and Methods: Three questionnaires (Toxic Leadership Scale, Empowering Leadership Questionnaire, and Multidimensiona...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychology research and behavior management 2022-01, Vol.15, p.1885-1900
Main Authors: Semedo, Carla Santarem, Salvador, Ana, Dos Santos, Nuno Rebelo, Pais, Leonor, Monico, Lisete
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Behavior
Employee motivation
Employees
empowering leadership questionnaire
Empowerment
Laws, regulations and rules
Leadership
leadership profiles
Motivation
multidimensional work motivation scale
narcissistic empowering leaders
Original Research
Power
toxic leadership scale
Toxicity
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Summary:Purpose: The present study aims to verify the association between two opposing models of leadership, toxic and empowering, and the different dimensions of work motivation. Participants and Methods: Three questionnaires (Toxic Leadership Scale, Empowering Leadership Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale) were applied to 408 workers. Cluster analysis was performed. Results: Cluster analysis produced eight clusters based on the different configurations of leadership dimensions, namely coercive, centralizes false paternalistic, toxic role model, coach, narcissistic-empowering, toxic, and empowering. Those clusters relate differently to work motivation dimensions. Conclusion: The profiles with higher scores in empowering leadership dimensions are more generally related to autonomous regulation (identified and intrinsic work motivation). The profiles with higher toxic leadership dimensions are more related to amotivation and controlled regulation (extrinsic work motivation). One profile stood out: the narcissistic- empowering profile that combines high scores in narcissistic leadership and empowering leadership dimensions. This profile unexpectedly relates significantly to autonomous regulation. This study contributed to the knowledge of the work motivation dimensions concerning empowerment and toxic leadership. Therefore, it contributes to deepening the nomological network of the concepts and providing inputs to human resource processes suitable to improving the organizational results and the workers' quality of life. Keywords: leadership profiles, narcissistic-empowering leaders, Empowering Leadership Questionnaire, Toxic Leadership Scale, Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale
ISSN:1179-1578
1179-1578
DOI:10.2147/PRBM.S340863