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Challenges to mapping the health risk of hepatitis A virus infection
World maps are among the most effective ways to convey public health messages such as recommended vaccinations, but creating a useful and valid map requires careful deliberation. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in many world regions heightens the need for up-to-date risk maps. H...
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Published in: | International journal of health geographics 2011-10, Vol.10 (1), p.57-57, Article 57 |
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description | World maps are among the most effective ways to convey public health messages such as recommended vaccinations, but creating a useful and valid map requires careful deliberation. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in many world regions heightens the need for up-to-date risk maps. HAV infection is usually asymptomatic in children, so low-income areas with high incidence rates usually have a low burden of disease. In higher-income areas, many adults remain susceptible to the virus and, if infected, often experience severe disease.
Several challenges associated with presenting hepatitis A risk using maps were identified, including the need to decide whether prior infection or continued susceptibility more aptly indicates risk, whether to display incidence or prevalence, how to distinguish between different levels of risk, how to display changes in risk over time, how to present complex information to target audiences, and how to handle missing or obsolete data.
For future maps to be comparable across place and time, we propose the use of the age at midpoint of population susceptibility as a standard indicator for the level of hepatitis A endemicity within a world region. We also call for the creation of an accessible active database for population-based age-specific HAV seroprevalence and incidence studies. Health risk maps for other conditions with rapidly changing epidemiology would benefit from similar strategies. |
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Several challenges associated with presenting hepatitis A risk using maps were identified, including the need to decide whether prior infection or continued susceptibility more aptly indicates risk, whether to display incidence or prevalence, how to distinguish between different levels of risk, how to display changes in risk over time, how to present complex information to target audiences, and how to handle missing or obsolete data.
For future maps to be comparable across place and time, we propose the use of the age at midpoint of population susceptibility as a standard indicator for the level of hepatitis A endemicity within a world region. We also call for the creation of an accessible active database for population-based age-specific HAV seroprevalence and incidence studies. Health risk maps for other conditions with rapidly changing epidemiology would benefit from similar strategies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1476-072X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-072X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/1476-072X-10-57</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22008459</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age Factors ; Care and treatment ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Disease control ; Disease susceptibility ; Disease Susceptibility - epidemiology ; Epidemiologic Research Design ; Epidemiology ; Geographic Information Systems ; Global Health ; health risk maps ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis A - epidemiology ; Hepatitis A - immunology ; Hepatitis A virus - isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunity ; Maps as Topic ; Medical research ; Public health ; Risk Assessment ; Risk factors ; risk mapping ; Sanitation - standards ; Sanitation - trends ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Travel ; travel health ; vaccine recommendations</subject><ispartof>International journal of health geographics, 2011-10, Vol.10 (1), p.57-57, Article 57</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2011 Mohd Hanafiah et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright ©2011 Mohd Hanafiah et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011 Mohd Hanafiah et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b757t-8a114bcb03545f069331d3d2b59b250bbe2655a0264cf258e049925c39f384ac3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b757t-8a114bcb03545f069331d3d2b59b250bbe2655a0264cf258e049925c39f384ac3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210090/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/902754764?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25752,27923,27924,37011,44589,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22008459$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mohd Hanafiah, Khayriyyah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobsen, Kathryn H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiersma, Steven T</creatorcontrib><title>Challenges to mapping the health risk of hepatitis A virus infection</title><title>International journal of health geographics</title><addtitle>Int J Health Geogr</addtitle><description>World maps are among the most effective ways to convey public health messages such as recommended vaccinations, but creating a useful and valid map requires careful deliberation. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in many world regions heightens the need for up-to-date risk maps. HAV infection is usually asymptomatic in children, so low-income areas with high incidence rates usually have a low burden of disease. In higher-income areas, many adults remain susceptible to the virus and, if infected, often experience severe disease.
Several challenges associated with presenting hepatitis A risk using maps were identified, including the need to decide whether prior infection or continued susceptibility more aptly indicates risk, whether to display incidence or prevalence, how to distinguish between different levels of risk, how to display changes in risk over time, how to present complex information to target audiences, and how to handle missing or obsolete data.
For future maps to be comparable across place and time, we propose the use of the age at midpoint of population susceptibility as a standard indicator for the level of hepatitis A endemicity within a world region. We also call for the creation of an accessible active database for population-based age-specific HAV seroprevalence and incidence studies. Health risk maps for other conditions with rapidly changing epidemiology would benefit from similar strategies.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Disease susceptibility</subject><subject>Disease Susceptibility - epidemiology</subject><subject>Epidemiologic Research Design</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Geographic Information Systems</subject><subject>Global Health</subject><subject>health risk maps</subject><subject>Hepatitis A</subject><subject>Hepatitis A - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hepatitis A - immunology</subject><subject>Hepatitis A virus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunity</subject><subject>Maps as Topic</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>risk mapping</subject><subject>Sanitation - standards</subject><subject>Sanitation - trends</subject><subject>Seroepidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Travel</subject><subject>travel health</subject><subject>vaccine recommendations</subject><issn>1476-072X</issn><issn>1476-072X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1ksuL1TAUh4sozkPX7qToahadybvtRrheXxcGBB_gLiRp0ubaNp0kHfS_N9eOlymMZJHknN_5OK8sewHBJYQVu4KkZAUo0Y8CgoKWj7LTo-XxvfdJdhbCHgCEIGFPsxOEAKgIrU-zd9tO9L0eWx3y6PJBTJMd2zx2Ou-06GOXext-5s6k7ySijTbkm_zW-jnkdjRaRevGZ9kTI_qgn9_d59n3D--_bT8V158_7rab60KWtIxFJSAkUkmAKaEGsBpj2OAGSVpLRIGUGjFKBUCMKINopQGpa0QVrg2uiFD4PNst3MaJPZ-8HYT_zZ2w_K_B-ZYLH63qNcekBhDIijBSkkYpySpIWUkFpMYwrRPrzcKaZjnoRukxetGvoGvPaDveuluOEQSgBgnwdgFI6_4DWHuUG_hhIvwwEQ4Bp2WCvLrLwrubWYfI9272Y2oirwEqaZKTJHq9iFqRKktdd4mnBhsU36ASVjitwiGfywdU6TR6sMqN2thkXwVcrAKSJupfsRVzCHz39ctae7VolXcheG2OdaY6Dpv4QGUv7_f3qP-3evgP8A3WCw</recordid><startdate>20111018</startdate><enddate>20111018</enddate><creator>Mohd Hanafiah, Khayriyyah</creator><creator>Jacobsen, Kathryn H</creator><creator>Wiersma, Steven T</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><general>BMC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111018</creationdate><title>Challenges to mapping the health risk of hepatitis A virus infection</title><author>Mohd Hanafiah, Khayriyyah ; 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The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in many world regions heightens the need for up-to-date risk maps. HAV infection is usually asymptomatic in children, so low-income areas with high incidence rates usually have a low burden of disease. In higher-income areas, many adults remain susceptible to the virus and, if infected, often experience severe disease.
Several challenges associated with presenting hepatitis A risk using maps were identified, including the need to decide whether prior infection or continued susceptibility more aptly indicates risk, whether to display incidence or prevalence, how to distinguish between different levels of risk, how to display changes in risk over time, how to present complex information to target audiences, and how to handle missing or obsolete data.
For future maps to be comparable across place and time, we propose the use of the age at midpoint of population susceptibility as a standard indicator for the level of hepatitis A endemicity within a world region. We also call for the creation of an accessible active database for population-based age-specific HAV seroprevalence and incidence studies. Health risk maps for other conditions with rapidly changing epidemiology would benefit from similar strategies.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>22008459</pmid><doi>10.1186/1476-072X-10-57</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Age Factors Care and treatment Child Diagnosis Disease control Disease susceptibility Disease Susceptibility - epidemiology Epidemiologic Research Design Epidemiology Geographic Information Systems Global Health health risk maps Hepatitis A Hepatitis A - epidemiology Hepatitis A - immunology Hepatitis A virus - isolation & purification Humans Immunity Maps as Topic Medical research Public health Risk Assessment Risk factors risk mapping Sanitation - standards Sanitation - trends Seroepidemiologic Studies Socioeconomic Factors Travel travel health vaccine recommendations |
title | Challenges to mapping the health risk of hepatitis A virus infection |
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