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Challenges to mapping the health risk of hepatitis A virus infection

World maps are among the most effective ways to convey public health messages such as recommended vaccinations, but creating a useful and valid map requires careful deliberation. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in many world regions heightens the need for up-to-date risk maps. H...

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Published in:International journal of health geographics 2011-10, Vol.10 (1), p.57-57, Article 57
Main Authors: Mohd Hanafiah, Khayriyyah, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Wiersma, Steven T
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container_title International journal of health geographics
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creator Mohd Hanafiah, Khayriyyah
Jacobsen, Kathryn H
Wiersma, Steven T
description World maps are among the most effective ways to convey public health messages such as recommended vaccinations, but creating a useful and valid map requires careful deliberation. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in many world regions heightens the need for up-to-date risk maps. HAV infection is usually asymptomatic in children, so low-income areas with high incidence rates usually have a low burden of disease. In higher-income areas, many adults remain susceptible to the virus and, if infected, often experience severe disease. Several challenges associated with presenting hepatitis A risk using maps were identified, including the need to decide whether prior infection or continued susceptibility more aptly indicates risk, whether to display incidence or prevalence, how to distinguish between different levels of risk, how to display changes in risk over time, how to present complex information to target audiences, and how to handle missing or obsolete data. For future maps to be comparable across place and time, we propose the use of the age at midpoint of population susceptibility as a standard indicator for the level of hepatitis A endemicity within a world region. We also call for the creation of an accessible active database for population-based age-specific HAV seroprevalence and incidence studies. Health risk maps for other conditions with rapidly changing epidemiology would benefit from similar strategies.
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subjects Adult
Age Factors
Care and treatment
Child
Diagnosis
Disease control
Disease susceptibility
Disease Susceptibility - epidemiology
Epidemiologic Research Design
Epidemiology
Geographic Information Systems
Global Health
health risk maps
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A - epidemiology
Hepatitis A - immunology
Hepatitis A virus - isolation & purification
Humans
Immunity
Maps as Topic
Medical research
Public health
Risk Assessment
Risk factors
risk mapping
Sanitation - standards
Sanitation - trends
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Socioeconomic Factors
Travel
travel health
vaccine recommendations
title Challenges to mapping the health risk of hepatitis A virus infection
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