Redox Balance in Type 2 Diabetes: Therapeutic Potential and the Challenge of Antioxidant-Based Therapy

Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated complications. Unfortunately, most clinical studies have failed to provide sufficient evidence regarding the benefits of antioxidants (AOXs) in treating this disease. Based on the known complexity of r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants 2023-04, Vol.12 (5), p.994
Main Authors: Argaev-Frenkel, Lital, Rosenzweig, Tovit
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
antioxidant
Antioxidants
Body fat
Development and progression
Dextrose
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes therapy
Diet therapy
Disease
Dosage
Enzymes
Free radicals
Glucose
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Metabolism
Obesity
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Pathophysiology
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Prevention
Proteins
Reactive oxygen species
redox balance
reductive stress
Review
Theories of aging
Type 2 diabetes
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Summary:Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated complications. Unfortunately, most clinical studies have failed to provide sufficient evidence regarding the benefits of antioxidants (AOXs) in treating this disease. Based on the known complexity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) functions in both the physiology and pathophysiology of glucose homeostasis, it is suggested that inappropriate dosing leads to the failure of AOXs in T2D treatment. To support this hypothesis, the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of T2D is described, together with a summary of the evidence for the failure of AOXs in the management of diabetes. A comparison of preclinical and clinical studies indicates that suboptimal dosing of AOXs might explain the lack of benefits of AOXs. Conversely, the possibility that glycemic control might be adversely affected by excess AOXs is also considered, based on the role of ROS in insulin signaling. We suggest that AOX therapy should be given in a personalized manner according to the need, which is the presence and severity of oxidative stress. With the development of gold-standard biomarkers for oxidative stress, optimization of AOX therapy may be achieved to maximize the therapeutic potential of these agents.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox12050994