Association of thyroid hormones with the severity of chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional observational study at Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

• Published in: PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) CA), 2024-10, Vol.12, p.e18338, Article e18338
• Main Authors: Awwaadh, Basmah, Mohammed, Amal Hussain, Alharbi, Basmah F, Alruwetei, Abdulmohsen, Sarwar, Tarique, Alharbi, Hajed Obaid, Alhumaydhi, Fahad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Analysis; Biochemistry; Biomarkers - blood; Chronic kidney failure; Creatinine - blood; Cross-Sectional Studies; Development and progression; Diabetes and Endocrinology; Epidemiology; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Female; Health aspects; Hematology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrology; Parathyroid hormone; Parathyroid Hormone - blood; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - blood; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology; Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia - epidemiology; Severity of Illness Index; Thyroid diseases; Thyroid gland; Thyroid hormones; Thyroid Hormones - blood; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropin - blood; Thyroxine; Thyroxine - blood; Triiodothyronine - blood; Urea; Urea - blood
• ISSN: 2167-8359; 2167-8359
• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18338

The interplay between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and thyroid dysfunction is becoming more evident in the biomedical community. However, the intricacies of their relationship warrant deeper investigation to understand the clinical implications fully. This study aims to systematically evaluate the correlation between thyroid hormone levels, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4), and markers of renal disease severity. These markers include serum creatinine, urea, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in individuals diagnosed with CK). We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving a cohort of 86 participants with CKD recruited from the renal clinic at King Fahad Hospital in Tabuk. Biochemical parameters, encompassing plasma electrolytes and thyroid hormone concentrations, were quantitatively assessed. These measurements were performed with the aid of a Roche Cobas E411 analyzer. The Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to delineate the strength and direction of the associations between the thyroid function markers and renal disease indicators. The statistical analysis highlighted a generally weak correlation between the concentrations of thyroid hormones and the indicators of renal disease severity, with Pearson correlation coefficients between -0.319 and 0.815. Critically, no significant correlation was found between creatinine and thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4), nor was any substantial correlation between urea and thyroid hormones. Conversely, a robust positive correlation was noted between the levels of parathyroid hormone and serum creatinine (  = 0.718,