Confirmatory Analysis of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Milk and Infant Formula Using UHPLC–MS/MS

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the sensitive determination and unambiguous confirmation of residues of per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in breastmilk, retail milk and infant formulas following two sample...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-06, Vol.26 (12), p.3664
Main Authors: Abafe, Ovokeroye A., Macheka, Linda R., Olowoyo, Joshua O.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Baby foods
breastmilk
Calibration
Chromatography
confirmatory
Food
High performance liquid chromatography
infant formula
Infant formulas
Infants
Laboratories
Liquid chromatography
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Milk
Quantitation
QuEChERS
Reproducibility
retail milk
Retention
Sample preparation
Scientific imaging
Solvents
Sorbents
UHPLC–MS/MS
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Description
Summary:An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the sensitive determination and unambiguous confirmation of residues of per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in breastmilk, retail milk and infant formulas following two sample preparation methods. Sample pre-treatment was carried out by a simplified QuEChERS method without requiring dSPE or any further clean-up. The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of Commission Decision 657/2002/EC with slight modifications. The method displayed good linearity with R2 ranging from 0.9843–0.9998 for all target PFAS. The recovery and within-laboratory reproducibility of the method (n = 63) were in the range 60–121% and 5–28%, respectively. The decision limit, detection capability and limit of quantitation ranged from 30–60 ng kg−1 to 40–100 ng kg−1 and 5–50 ng kg−1, respectively. Acceptable matrix effect values in the range −45–29% were obtained with uncertainty of measurement lower than 25% for all target PFAS. The method displays its suitability for the sensitive and high-throughput confirmatory analysis of C4–C14 PFAS in breastmilk, dairy milk and infant formulas.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules26123664