Yttrium oxide nanoparticles ameliorates calcium hydroxide and calcium titanate nanoparticles induced genomic DNA and mitochondrial damage, ROS generation and inflammation

• Published in: Scientific reports 2024-06, Vol.14 (1), p.13015-10
• Main Authors: Mohamed, Hanan R. H., Farouk, Ahmed H., Elbasiouni, Salma H., Nasif, Kirolls A., Safwat, Gehan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 692/1537; 692/499; 704/4111; Animal tissues; Animals; Bioassays; Brain; Brain - drug effects; Brain - metabolism; Brain - pathology; Calcium hydroxide; Calcium Hydroxide - pharmacology; Calcium oxide; Calcium titanate; Comet assay; DNA damage; DNA Damage - drug effects; DNA, Mitochondrial - metabolism; Food industry; Free radicals; Genomics; Genotoxicity; Humanities and Social Sciences; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammation - pathology; Interleukin 6; Male; Membrane potential; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial - drug effects; Membranes; Mice; Mitochondria - drug effects; Mitochondria - metabolism; Mitochondrial DNA; multidisciplinary; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Oral administration; Presenilin 1; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; ROS generation; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Titanium - chemistry; Titanium - toxicity; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Yttrium; Yttrium - chemistry; Yttrium oxide
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62877-4

Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 NPs), calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 NPs) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 NPs) nanoparticles are prevalent in many industries, including food and medicine, but their small size raises concerns about potential cellular damage and genotoxic effects. However, there are very limited studies available on their genotoxic effects. Hence, this was done to investigate the effects of multiple administration of Ca(OH) 2 NPs, CaTiO 3 NPs or/and Y 2 O 3 NPs on genomic DNA stability, mitochondrial membrane potential integrity and inflammation induction in mouse brain tissues. Mice were orally administered Ca(OH) 2 NPs, CaTiO 3 NPs or/and Y 2 O 3 NPs at a dose level of 50 mg/kg b.w three times a week for 2 weeks. Genomic DNA integrity was studied using Comet assay and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within brain cells was analyzed using 2,7 dichlorofluorescein diacetate dye. The expression level of Presenilin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes and the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane potential were also detected. Oral administration of Ca(OH) 2 NPs caused the highest damage to genomic DNA and mitochondrial membrane potential, less genomic DNA and mitochondrial damage was induced by CaTiO 3 NPs administration while administration of Y 2 O 3 NPs did not cause any remarkable change in the integrity of genomic DNA and mitochondrial membrane potential. Highest ROS generation and upregulation of presenilin-1, TNF-α and IL-6 genes were also observed within the brain cells of mice administrated Ca(OH) 2 NPs but Y 2 O 3 NPs administration almost caused no changes in ROS generation and genes expression compared to the negative control. Administration of CaTiO 3 NPs alone slightly increased ROS generation and the expression level of TNF-α and IL-6 genes. Moreover, no remarkable changes in the integrity of genomic DNA and mitochondrial DNA potential, ROS level and the expression level of presenilin-1, TNF-α and IL-6 genes were noticed after simultaneous coadministration of Y 2 O 3 NPs with Ca(OH) 2 NPs and CaTiO 3 NPs. Coadministration of Y 2 O 3 NPs with Ca(OH) 2 NPs and CaTiO 3 NPs mitigated Ca(OH) 2 NPs and CaTiO 3 NPs induced ROS generation, genomic DNA damage and inflammation along with restoring the integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential through Y 2 O 3 NPs scavenging free radicals ability. Therefore, further studies are recommended to study the possibility of using Y 2 O 3 NPs to alleviate Ca(OH) 2