Determinants of poor sleep quality in adults during the coronavirus disease pandemic: COVID-Inconfidentes, a population-based study

• Published in: São Paulo medical journal 2022, Vol.141 (4), p.e2022139-e2022139
• Main Authors: Menezes Júnior, Luiz Antônio Alves de, Lourenção, Luciano Garcia, Andrade, Amanda Cristina de Souza, Carraro, Júlia Cristina Cardoso, Machado-Coelho, George Luiz Lins, Meireles, Adriana Lúcia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Anxiety; Anxiousness; Body weight changes; Coronavirus disease; Coronavirus infections; COVID-19 - epidemiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression - epidemiology; Health surveys; Humans; Hygiene, Sleep; Insufficient sleep; MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL; Original; Pandemics; Sleep deprivation; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep latencies; Sleep Quality; Sunlight; Vitamin D deficiencies
• ISSN: 1516-3180; 1806-9460; 1806-9460
• DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0139.R1.19082022

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected the health of the global population, with sleep quality being one of the affected parameters. To evaluate sleep quality and its associated factors in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A population-based cross-sectional serological survey of 1,762 adults in the Iron Quadrangle region of Brazil. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. Sociodemographic variables, health conditions, health-related behaviors, anxiety, vitamin D levels, weight gain/loss, and pandemic characteristics were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses using Poisson regression with robust variance were performed to identify factors associated with sleep quality. More than half of the participants reported poor sleep quality (52.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors associated with poor sleep quality included living alone (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.73), anxiety disorder (PR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.08-1.62), 5.0% weight loss (PR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02-1.44), 5.0% weight gain (PR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03-1.55), vitamin D deficiency (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.01-1.35), and COVID-19 symptoms (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10-1.52). Our study revealed that more than half of the participants experienced poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with poor sleep quality included vitamin D deficiency and weight changes related to the pandemic.