Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Four Lycopus Taxa and an Interaction Study of Their Major Compounds

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-03, Vol.25 (6), p.1422
• Main Authors: Trajčíková, Eva, Kurin, Elena, Slobodníková, Lívia, Straka, Marek, Lichváriková, Aneta, Dokupilová, Svetlana, Čičová, Iveta, Nagy, Milan, Mučaji, Pavel, Bittner Fialová, Silvia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Analgesics; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; antioxidant activity; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Bacteria; Bacteria - drug effects; Cell lines; Drug resistance; Flavonoids; Genotypes; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Herbal medicine; interaction study; Leaves; Liquid chromatography; luteolin-7-o-glucuronide; Lycopus; Lycopus - chemistry; Lycopus europaeus; Lycopus exaltatus; lycopus leaf infusion; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolites; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenolic acids; Phenols; Phytochemicals - chemistry; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Retention; Rosmarinic acid; Staphylococcus aureus; Strains (organisms); Synergism
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061422

The compositions of leaf infusions of three genotypes of L. with origins in central Europe, namely A (LeuA), B (LeuB), and C (LeuC), and one genotype of (Lex), were examined by LC-MS-DAD (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Diode Array Detection) analysis. This revealed the presence of thirteen compounds belonging to the groups of phenolic acids and flavonoids, with a predominance of rosmarinic acid (RA) and luteolin-7- -glucuronide (LGlr). The antimicrobial activity of leaf infusions was tested on the collection strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and on the clinical strains. We detected higher activity against Gram-positive bacteria, of which the most susceptible strains were those of , including methicillin-resistant and poly-resistant strains. Furthermore, we examined the antioxidant activity of leaf infusions using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) methods, and on NIH/3T3 cell lines using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). We also studied the mutual interactions between selected infusions, namely RA and/or LGlr. In the mixtures of leaf infusion and RA or LGlr, we observed slight synergism and a high dose reduction index in most cases. This leads to the beneficial dose reduction at a given antioxidant effect level in mixtures compared to the doses of the parts used alone. Therefore, our study draws attention to further applications of the leaves as a valuable alternative source of natural antioxidants and as a promising topical antibacterial agent for medicinal use.