Effect of Individual Virtual Reality Cognitive Training Programs on Cognitive Function and Depression in Middle-Aged Women: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background:Given the increasing incidence of early-onset Alzheimer disease, strategies for early diagnosis and swift treatment interventions are crucial for mitigating cognitive problems in women and middle-aged individuals who face a high risk of cognitive impairment.Objective:This study aimed to a...

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Published in:JMIR mental health 2023-10, Vol.10, p.e48912-e48912
Main Authors: Kim, Du-Ri, Moon, EunSoo, Shin, Myung-Jun, Yang, Yeong-Ae, Park, Jong-Hwan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activities of daily living
Cognitive ability
Dementia
Disease
Executive function
Geriatrics
Memory
Mental depression
Middle age
Original Paper
Training
Virtual reality
Womens health
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creator Kim, Du-Ri
Moon, EunSoo
Shin, Myung-Jun
Yang, Yeong-Ae
Park, Jong-Hwan
description Background:Given the increasing incidence of early-onset Alzheimer disease, strategies for early diagnosis and swift treatment interventions are crucial for mitigating cognitive problems in women and middle-aged individuals who face a high risk of cognitive impairment.Objective:This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of individual cognitive training programs based on virtual reality (VR), a nonpharmacological intervention, on cognitive function and depression in middle-aged women at risk of cognitive impairment. It used VR technology, which has recently been recognized as a promising tool.Methods:We administered a VR-based cognitive training program for 30 minutes daily, twice a week, for 12 weeks (24 sessions). This study included middle-aged women residing in older adults’ welfare facilities in G-gu, Busan, from May to August 2021. A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into the training (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Cognitive and depressive functions were assessed using the Korean versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Digit Span Test (DST), Korean-Color Word Stroop Test (K-CWST), and Short Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K) before the intervention. The training group underwent a VR-based cognitive training program, whereas the control group was educated to maintain regular daily activities. The same assessments were performed 12 weeks after treatment.Results:A comparison of the mean scores before and after K-MoCA in the training group revealed a significant increase from 24.87 (SD 2.62) to 27.50 (SD 1.70; P
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It used VR technology, which has recently been recognized as a promising tool.Methods:We administered a VR-based cognitive training program for 30 minutes daily, twice a week, for 12 weeks (24 sessions). This study included middle-aged women residing in older adults’ welfare facilities in G-gu, Busan, from May to August 2021. A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into the training (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Cognitive and depressive functions were assessed using the Korean versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Digit Span Test (DST), Korean-Color Word Stroop Test (K-CWST), and Short Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K) before the intervention. The training group underwent a VR-based cognitive training program, whereas the control group was educated to maintain regular daily activities. The same assessments were performed 12 weeks after treatment.Results:A comparison of the mean scores before and after K-MoCA in the training group revealed a significant increase from 24.87 (SD 2.62) to 27.50 (SD 1.70; P&lt;.01), indicating substantial cognitive improvement. Similarly, the mean DST forward scores increased significantly from 6.97 (SD 1.10) to 7.90 (SD 1.18; P&lt;.01), suggesting enhanced short-term auditory memory and attention. The mean DST backward scores also showed a significant improvement from 4.10 (SD 0.71) to 4.77 (SD 1.2; P=.01). Notably, the mean SGDS-K scores decreased significantly from 3.97 (SD 2.51) to 2.13 (SD 1.87; P&lt;.01), indicating a reduction in depression within the training group.Conclusions:The VR-based cognitive training programs significantly enhanced cognitive function and reduced depression in middle-aged women. Consequently, these programs are considered beneficial nonpharmacological cognitive training interventions for middle-aged women at high risk of cognitive impairment.Trial Registration:UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000049752; https://tinyurl.com/z5du989z</description><identifier>ISSN: 2368-7959</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2368-7959</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2196/48912</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37878378</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Toronto: JMIR Publications</publisher><subject>Activities of daily living ; Cognitive ability ; Dementia ; Disease ; Executive function ; Geriatrics ; Memory ; Mental depression ; Middle age ; Original Paper ; Training ; Virtual reality ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>JMIR mental health, 2023-10, Vol.10, p.e48912-e48912</ispartof><rights>2023. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Du-Ri Kim, EunSoo Moon, Myung-Jun Shin, Yeong-Ae Yang, Jong-Hwan Park. Originally published in JMIR Mental Health (https://mental.jmir.org), 25.10.2023. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-9f452279308bf303b84a86f65724f8c67d94f94e16dcce74a7cfe33d260662793</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1406-3948 ; 0000-0001-6221-2365 ; 0000-0003-4010-0383 ; 0000-0002-8863-3413 ; 0000-0003-2815-7248</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2917604509/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2917604509?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Du-Ri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moon, EunSoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Myung-Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yeong-Ae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Jong-Hwan</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Individual Virtual Reality Cognitive Training Programs on Cognitive Function and Depression in Middle-Aged Women: Randomized Controlled Trial</title><title>JMIR mental health</title><description>Background:Given the increasing incidence of early-onset Alzheimer disease, strategies for early diagnosis and swift treatment interventions are crucial for mitigating cognitive problems in women and middle-aged individuals who face a high risk of cognitive impairment.Objective:This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of individual cognitive training programs based on virtual reality (VR), a nonpharmacological intervention, on cognitive function and depression in middle-aged women at risk of cognitive impairment. It used VR technology, which has recently been recognized as a promising tool.Methods:We administered a VR-based cognitive training program for 30 minutes daily, twice a week, for 12 weeks (24 sessions). This study included middle-aged women residing in older adults’ welfare facilities in G-gu, Busan, from May to August 2021. A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into the training (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Cognitive and depressive functions were assessed using the Korean versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Digit Span Test (DST), Korean-Color Word Stroop Test (K-CWST), and Short Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K) before the intervention. The training group underwent a VR-based cognitive training program, whereas the control group was educated to maintain regular daily activities. 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It used VR technology, which has recently been recognized as a promising tool.Methods:We administered a VR-based cognitive training program for 30 minutes daily, twice a week, for 12 weeks (24 sessions). This study included middle-aged women residing in older adults’ welfare facilities in G-gu, Busan, from May to August 2021. A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into the training (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Cognitive and depressive functions were assessed using the Korean versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Digit Span Test (DST), Korean-Color Word Stroop Test (K-CWST), and Short Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K) before the intervention. The training group underwent a VR-based cognitive training program, whereas the control group was educated to maintain regular daily activities. The same assessments were performed 12 weeks after treatment.Results:A comparison of the mean scores before and after K-MoCA in the training group revealed a significant increase from 24.87 (SD 2.62) to 27.50 (SD 1.70; P&lt;.01), indicating substantial cognitive improvement. Similarly, the mean DST forward scores increased significantly from 6.97 (SD 1.10) to 7.90 (SD 1.18; P&lt;.01), suggesting enhanced short-term auditory memory and attention. The mean DST backward scores also showed a significant improvement from 4.10 (SD 0.71) to 4.77 (SD 1.2; P=.01). Notably, the mean SGDS-K scores decreased significantly from 3.97 (SD 2.51) to 2.13 (SD 1.87; P&lt;.01), indicating a reduction in depression within the training group.Conclusions:The VR-based cognitive training programs significantly enhanced cognitive function and reduced depression in middle-aged women. 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subjects Activities of daily living
Cognitive ability
Dementia
Disease
Executive function
Geriatrics
Memory
Mental depression
Middle age
Original Paper
Training
Virtual reality
Womens health
title Effect of Individual Virtual Reality Cognitive Training Programs on Cognitive Function and Depression in Middle-Aged Women: Randomized Controlled Trial
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