Extracellular Vesicles and DAMPs in Cancer: A Mini-Review

Certain cancer therapy has been shown to induce immunogenic cell death in cancer cells and may promote tumor progression instead. The external stress or stimuli may induce cell death and contribute toward the secretion of pro inflammatory molecules. The release of damage-associated molecular pattern...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2021-10, Vol.12, p.740548-740548
Main Authors: Abu, Nadiah, Rus Bakarurraini, Nurul Ainaa Adilah, Nasir, Siti Nurmi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alarmins - immunology
Animals
cancer
Carcinogenesis
exosome
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Humans
Immunity
Immunology
Immunomodulation
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - therapy
PRR
TLR
Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism
Tumor Microenvironment
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Summary:Certain cancer therapy has been shown to induce immunogenic cell death in cancer cells and may promote tumor progression instead. The external stress or stimuli may induce cell death and contribute toward the secretion of pro inflammatory molecules. The release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) upon induction of therapy or cell death has been shown to induce an inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the mechanism as to how the DAMPs are released and engage in such activity needs further in-depth investigation. Interestingly, some studies have shown that DAMPs can be released through extracellular vesicles (EVs) and can bind to receptors such as toll-like receptors (TCRs). Ample pre-clinical studies have shown that cancer-derived EVs are able to modulate immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. However, the information on the presence of such DAMPs within EVs is still elusive. Therefore, this mini-review attempts to summarize and appraise studies that have shown the presence of DAMPs within cancer-EVs and how it affects the downstream cellular process.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.740548