Treatment with Ad5-Porcine Interferon-α Attenuates Ebolavirus Disease in Pigs

Under experimental conditions, pigs infected with Ebola Virus (EBOV) develop disease and can readily transmit the virus to non-human primates or pigs. In the event of accidental or intentional EBOV infection of domestic pigs, complex and time-consuming safe depopulation and carcass disposal are expe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2022-04, Vol.11 (4), p.449
Main Authors: Senthilkumaran, Chandrika, Kroeker, Andrea L, Smith, Gregory, Embury-Hyatt, Carissa, Collignon, Brad, Ramirez-Medina, Elizabeth, Azzinaro, Paul A, Pickering, Bradley S, Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna, Weingartl, Hana M, de Los Santos, Teresa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adenovirus
Animals
Antigens
Asymptomatic
Domestic animals
Ebola virus
Ebolavirus
Epidemics
Foot & mouth disease
Health services
Hogs
IFN
Infections
Infectious diseases
Inflammation
Interferon
interferon alpha
interferon lambda
Leukocytes (mononuclear)
Lungs
Lymphatic system
Mortality
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Pneumonia
Replication
RNA viruses
Swine
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Viruses
Zoonoses
α-Interferon
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Summary:Under experimental conditions, pigs infected with Ebola Virus (EBOV) develop disease and can readily transmit the virus to non-human primates or pigs. In the event of accidental or intentional EBOV infection of domestic pigs, complex and time-consuming safe depopulation and carcass disposal are expected. Delaying or preventing transmission through a reduction in viral shedding is an absolute necessity to limit the spread of the virus. In this study, we tested whether porcine interferon-α or λ3 (porIFNα or porIFNλ3) delivered by a replication-defective human type 5 adenovirus vector (Ad5-porIFNα or Ad5-porIFNλ3) could limit EBOV replication and shedding in domestic pigs. Our results show that pigs pre-treated with Ad5-porIFNα did not develop measurable clinical signs, did not shed virus RNA, and displayed strongly reduced viral RNA load in tissues. A microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated that Ad5-porIFNα treatment led to clear upregulation in immune and inflammatory responses probably involved in protection against disease. Our results indicate that administration of Ad5-porIFNα can potentially be used to limit the spread of EBOV in pigs.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens11040449