Porphyromonas gingivalis Periodontal Infection and Its Putative Links with Alzheimer's Disease

Periodontal disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are inflammatory conditions affecting the global adult population. In the pathogenesis of PD, subgingival complex bacterial biofilm induces inflammation that leads to connective tissue degradation and alveolar bone resorption around the teeth. In...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mediators of Inflammation 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.234-243-021
Main Authors: Kesavalu, Lakshmyya, Poole, Sophie, Harding, Alice, Singhrao, Sim K., Crean, StJohn
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology
Alzheimer Disease - etiology
Alzheimer Disease - immunology
Alzheimer's disease
Anaerobic bacteria
Antigen presentation
Bacteria
Bacteroidaceae Infections - complications
Bacteroidaceae Infections - epidemiology
Brain research
Chronic Periodontitis - complications
Chronic Periodontitis - epidemiology
Chronic Periodontitis - immunology
Colleges & universities
Complications and side effects
Cytokines
Dentistry
Gingiva - immunology
Gingiva - microbiology
Health aspects
Humans
Hypotheses
Infections
Inflammation
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - microbiology
Metabolism
Neurodegeneration
Pathology
Periodontal disease
Porphyromonas gingivalis - pathogenicity
Review
Risk factors
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Summary:Periodontal disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are inflammatory conditions affecting the global adult population. In the pathogenesis of PD, subgingival complex bacterial biofilm induces inflammation that leads to connective tissue degradation and alveolar bone resorption around the teeth. In health, junctional epithelium seals the gingiva to the tooth enamel, thus preventing bacteria from entering the gingivae. Chronic PD involves major pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) which have an immune armoury that can circumvent host’s immune surveillance to create and maintain an inflammatory mediator rich and toxic environment to grow and survive. The neurodegenerative condition, AD, is characterised by poor memory and specific hallmark proteins; periodontal pathogens are increasingly being linked with this dementing condition. It is therefore becoming important to understand associations of periodontitis with relevance to late-onset AD. The aim of this review is to discuss the relevance of finding the keystone periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis in AD brains and its plausible contribution to the aetiological hypothesis of this dementing condition.
ISSN:0962-9351
1466-1861
DOI:10.1155/2015/137357