Redox Homeostasis and Metabolism in Cancer: A Complex Mechanism and Potential Targeted Therapeutics

Reactive Oxygen Species or "ROS" encompass several molecules derived from oxygen that can oxidize other molecules and subsequently transition rapidly between species. The key roles of ROS in biological processes are cell signaling, biosynthetic processes, and host defense. In cancer cells,...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2020-04, Vol.21 (9), p.3100
Main Authors: Ghoneum, Alia, Abdulfattah, Ammar Yasser, Warren, Bailey Olivia, Shu, Junjun, Said, Neveen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Antioxidants
Biological activity
Cancer
Carcinogens
Cell cycle
Clinical Trials as Topic
Cytochrome
Cytokines
Deoxyglucose
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Disease Progression
DNA
Enzymes
Free radicals
Gene expression
Growth factors
HIF-1α
Homeostasis
Homeostasis - drug effects
Humans
Hypoxia
Immune system
Kinases
Metabolic Networks and Pathways - drug effects
Metabolic pathways
Metabolism
Metastases
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Mutation
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - metabolism
Nitrogen dioxide
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
PGC-1α
Phenotypes
Phosphorylation
Physiology
Production increases
Proteins
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
redox systems
Respiration
Review
ROS
Signal Transduction - drug effects
Therapeutic targets
Transcription
Tumors
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container_issue 9
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creator Ghoneum, Alia
Abdulfattah, Ammar Yasser
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Shu, Junjun
Said, Neveen
description Reactive Oxygen Species or "ROS" encompass several molecules derived from oxygen that can oxidize other molecules and subsequently transition rapidly between species. The key roles of ROS in biological processes are cell signaling, biosynthetic processes, and host defense. In cancer cells, increased ROS production and oxidative stress are instigated by carcinogens, oncogenic mutations, and importantly, metabolic reprograming of the rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Increased ROS production activates myriad downstream survival pathways that further cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we highlight the relation between ROS, the metabolic programing of cancer, and stromal and immune cells with emphasis on and the transcription machinery involved in redox homeostasis, metabolic programing and malignant phenotype. We also shed light on the therapeutic targeting of metabolic pathways generating ROS as we investigate: Orlistat, Biguandes, AICAR, 2 Deoxyglucose, CPI-613, and Etomoxir.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijms21093100
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subjects Animals
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Antioxidants
Biological activity
Cancer
Carcinogens
Cell cycle
Clinical Trials as Topic
Cytochrome
Cytokines
Deoxyglucose
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Disease Progression
DNA
Enzymes
Free radicals
Gene expression
Growth factors
HIF-1α
Homeostasis
Homeostasis - drug effects
Humans
Hypoxia
Immune system
Kinases
Metabolic Networks and Pathways - drug effects
Metabolic pathways
Metabolism
Metastases
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Mutation
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - metabolism
Nitrogen dioxide
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
PGC-1α
Phenotypes
Phosphorylation
Physiology
Production increases
Proteins
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
redox systems
Respiration
Review
ROS
Signal Transduction - drug effects
Therapeutic targets
Transcription
Tumors
title Redox Homeostasis and Metabolism in Cancer: A Complex Mechanism and Potential Targeted Therapeutics
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