The dimethadione-exposed rat fetus: an animal model for the prenatal ultrasound characterization of ventricular septal defect

Background Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most prevalent congenital heart disease (CHD) and is easily misdiagnosed or missed. An appropriate VSD animal model could be used to analyze the ultrasound characteristics and their related pathological bases, and provides the opportunity to further...

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Published in:BMC cardiovascular disorders 2023-09, Vol.23 (1), p.1-8, Article 444
Main Authors: Yang, Yiru, Lyu, GuoRong, He, Shaozheng, Yang, Hainan, Li, Shangqing
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdomen
Abortion
Animal model
Animal models
Anticonvulsants
Cardiomyocytes
Care and treatment
Complications and side effects
Congenital heart disease
Diagnosis
Dosage and administration
Erythrocytes
Fetuses
Genetic aspects
Heart diseases
Laboratory animals
Medical research
Myocardium
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Pregnancy
Prenatal drug exposure
Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasound
Ventricle
Ventricular septal defect
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Summary:Background Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most prevalent congenital heart disease (CHD) and is easily misdiagnosed or missed. An appropriate VSD animal model could be used to analyze the ultrasound characteristics and their related pathological bases, and provides the opportunity to further explore the pathogenesis of VSD. Currently, little is known about whether ultrahigh-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is suitable to diagnose VSD of fetal rats. There is no research on whether a dimethadione (DMO)-induced fetal VSD model is suitable for the observation and analysis of imaging characteristics and the associated pathological basis. Methods We used DMO to induce VSD. UBM was used to perform the prenatal ultrasound characterization. With the pathological results used as the gold standard, the ultrasound characteristics and their related pathological bases were analyzed. Results The incidence of VSD in the DMO group was 42.05% and 39.71% (diagnosed by UBM and pathology, respectively, P > 0.05). The prenatal ultrasound findings and pathological basis of various diseases, including isolated VSD, complex CHD containing VSD, and extracardiac lesions, were detected and discussed. It was discovered that some fetuses showed features of noncompacted ventricular myocardium, and for the first time, clusters of red blood cell traversing the cardiomyocytes. Conclusions The DMO-induced VSD model is a low-cost model with a high success rate and is suitable for the observation and analysis of VSD. UBM is suitable for evaluating VSD. Keywords: Ventricular septal defect, Animal model, Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis, Pathology
ISSN:1471-2261
1471-2261
DOI:10.1186/s12872-023-03482-7