miRNAs as Biomarkers in Disease: Latest Findings Regarding Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small, non-coding RNAs with the main roles of regulating mRNA through its degradation and adjusting protein levels. In recent years, extraordinary progress has been made in terms of identifying the origin and exact functions of miRNA, focusing on their potenti...

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Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-01, Vol.9 (2), p.276
Main Authors: Condrat, Carmen Elena, Thompson, Dana Claudia, Barbu, Madalina Gabriela, Bugnar, Oana Larisa, Boboc, Andreea, Cretoiu, Dragos, Suciu, Nicolae, Cretoiu, Sanda Maria, Voinea, Silviu Cristian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biomarker
Biomarkers - metabolism
cancer
cardiovascular disease
Circulating MicroRNA - genetics
Circulating MicroRNA - metabolism
diagnosis
Disease - genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
mirna
nervous system
Prognosis
Review
sepsis
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Summary:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small, non-coding RNAs with the main roles of regulating mRNA through its degradation and adjusting protein levels. In recent years, extraordinary progress has been made in terms of identifying the origin and exact functions of miRNA, focusing on their potential use in both the research and the clinical field. This review aims at improving the current understanding of these molecules and their applicability in the medical field. A thorough analysis of the literature consulting resources available in online databases such as NCBI, PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, and UpToDate was performed. There is promising evidence that in spite of the lack of standardized protocols regarding the use of miRNAs in current clinical practice, they constitute a reliable tool for future use. These molecules meet most of the required criteria for being an ideal biomarker, such as accessibility, high specificity, and sensitivity. Despite present limitations, miRNAs as biomarkers for various conditions remain an impressive research field. As current techniques evolve, we anticipate that miRNAs will become a routine approach in the development of personalized patient profiles, thus permitting more specific therapeutic interventions.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells9020276