Application of Biochar Derived from Different Types of Biomass and Treatment Methods as a Fuel Source for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells

• Published in: Energies (Basel) 2019, Vol.12 (13), p.2477
• Main Authors: Palniandy, Lithnes Kalaivani, Yoon, Li Wan, Wong, Wai Yin, Yong, Siek-Ting, Pang, Ming Meng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorption; biochar; Biomass; Biomass energy; Carbon; Charcoal; Chemical composition; Chemical treatment; Coal; direct carbon fuel cell; Efficiency; Fuel cells; Fuel technology; Heat; Heat treatment; Moisture content; Organic chemistry; post-treatment; power density; pre-treatment; Pretreatment; pyrolysis; Rubber; Water content
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en12132477

The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is an emerging technology for energy production. The application of biomass in DCFCs will be a major transition from the use of coal to generate energy. However, the relationship between biomass or biochar composition and the electrochemical performance of a DCFC is yet to be studied. The performance of a DCFC using fuel sources derived from woody and non-woody biomass were compared in this study. The effect of pyrolysis temperature ranges from 550 °C to 850 °C on the preparation of biochar from rubber wood (RW) and rice husk (RH) were evaluated for power generation from DCFCs. In addition, the effect of applying chemical pre-treatment and post-treatment on biochar were further investigated for DCFC performance. In general, the power density derived from rubber wood biochar is significantly higher (2.21 mW cm−2) compared to rice husk biochar (0.07 mW cm−2). This might be due to the presence of an oxygen functional group, higher fixed carbon content, and lower ash content in rubber wood biochar. The acid and alkaline pre-treatment and post-treatment have altered the composition with a lower ash content in rubber wood biochar. The structural and compositional alterations in alkaline pre-treatment bring a positive effect in enhancing the power density from DCFCs. This study concludes that woody biochar is more suitable for DCFC application, and alkaline pre-treatment in the preparation of biochar enhances the electrochemical activity of DCFC. Further investigation on the optimization of DCFC operating conditions could be performed.