Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) reside in many human organs and comprise heterogeneous population of cells with self-renewal ability. These cells can be isolated from different tissues, and their morphology, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential are dependent on their tiss...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem cells international 2016-01, Vol.2016 (2016), p.1-11
Main Authors: Klimczak, Aleksandra, Kozlowska, Urszula
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipocytes
Antigens
Bone marrow
Cell division
Fibroblasts
Genotype & phenotype
Growth factors
Homeostasis
Morphology
Muscles
Review
Skin
Stem cells
Tissue engineering
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Summary:Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) reside in many human organs and comprise heterogeneous population of cells with self-renewal ability. These cells can be isolated from different tissues, and their morphology, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential are dependent on their tissue of origin. Each organ contains specific population of stromal cells which maintain regeneration process of the tissue where they reside, but some of them have much more wide plasticity and differentiate into multiple cells lineage. MSCs isolated from adult human tissues are ideal candidates for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering. However, MSCs do not only contribute to structurally tissue repair but also MSC possess strong immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and may influence in tissue repair by modulation of local environment. This paper is presenting an overview of the current knowledge of biology of tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal and progenitor cells (originated from bone marrow, liver, skeletal muscle, skin, heart, and lung) associated with tissue regeneration and tissue homeostasis.
ISSN:1687-966X
1687-9678
1687-9678
DOI:10.1155/2016/4285215