Quantification of intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue using magnetic resonance imaging after neurodegenerative disorders

Ectopic adiposity has gained considerable attention because of its tight association with metabolic and cardiovascular health in persons with spinal cord injury（SCI）. Ectopic adiposity is characterized by the storage of adipose tissue in non-subcutaneous sites. Magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） has pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neural regeneration research 2017-12, Vol.12 (12), p.2100-2105
Main Authors: Ogawa, Madoka, Lester, Robert, Akima, Hiroshi, Gorgey, Ashraf
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Body fat
Development and progression
Health aspects
intermuscular adipose tissue
intramuscular adipose tissue
intramuscular fat
ectopic adiposity
magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging
Measurement
Metabolic diseases
Metabolism
Methods
Musculoskeletal system
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases
Review
Risk factors
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Summary:Ectopic adiposity has gained considerable attention because of its tight association with metabolic and cardiovascular health in persons with spinal cord injury（SCI）. Ectopic adiposity is characterized by the storage of adipose tissue in non-subcutaneous sites. Magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） has proven to be an effective tool in quantifying ectopic adiposity and provides the opportunity to measure different adipose depots including intermuscular adipose tissue（IMAT） and intramuscular adipose tissue（Intra MAT） or intramuscular fat（IMF）. It is highly important to distinguish and clearly define these compartments, because controversy still exists on how to accurately quantify these adipose depots. Investigators have relied on separating muscle from fat pixels based on their characteristic signal intensities. A common technique is plotting a threshold histogram that clearly separates between muscle and fat peaks. The cut-offs to separate between muscle and fat peaks are still not clearly defined and different cut-offs have been identified. This review will outline and compare the Midpoint and Otsu techniques, two methods used to determine the threshold between muscle and fat pixels on T1 weighted MRI. The process of water/fat segmentation using the Dixon method will also be outlined. We are hopeful that this review will trigger more research towards accurately quantifying ectopic adiposity due to its high relevance to cardiometabolic health after SCI.
ISSN:1673-5374
1876-7958
DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.221170