Fiber consumption stimulates the activity of microbial bile salt hydrolases

• Published in: Journal of functional foods 2023-08, Vol.107, p.105707, Article 105707
• Main Authors: Gregor, András, Auernigg-Haselmaier, Sandra, Malleier, Manuel, Bruckberger, Stefan, Séneca, Joana, Pjevac, Petra, Pignitter, Marc, Duszka, Kalina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bile acids; Caloric restriction; Intestine; Microbiota; Taurine
• ISSN: 1756-4646; 2214-9414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105707

[Display omitted] •Restrictive diets increase levels of bile acids-derived taurine in the ileum mucosa.•Restricted mice consume cage bedding and therefore increase fiber intake.•Fiber consumption increases bacterial bile acid hydrolases activity.•Bile acid secretion is connected with energy restriction and not fiber consumption. Previously we reported a microbiota-dependent caloric restriction (CR)-triggered increase in the levels of taurine and taurine-conjugated bile acids (BA) in the gut. Now, we show that restrictive diets, including intermittent fasting and fasting-mimicking diet, had a similar impact to CR. The type of cage bedding that CR mice were housed with affected the levels of BAs and taurine in the ileum. Removal of cage bedding neutralized CR phenotype in terms of taurine levels, BAs deconjugation, and fecal microbiota composition. Microbiota transplant from CR mice housed with bedding increased BAs deconjugation. Inhibition of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) prevented the increase in free taurine concentration while increasing taurine-conjugated BA levels. Ad libitum consumption of diets high in fiber increased the levels of taurine conjugates but did not elevate the levels of BAs. Dietary restriction is required to stimulate BAs secretion, while ingestion of fiber stimulates the capacity of microbiota to deconjugate BAs.