Human Babesia odocoilei and Bartonella spp. co-infections in the Americas

In recent years, Babesia and Bartonella species co-infections in patients with chronic, nonspecific illnesses have continued to challenge and change the collective medical understanding of "individual pathogen" vector-borne infectious disease dynamics, pathogenesis and epidemiology. The ob...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Parasites & vectors 2024-07, Vol.17 (1), p.302-13, Article 302
Main Authors: Maggi, Ricardo G, Calchi, Ana Cláudia, Moore, Charlotte O, Kingston, Emily, Breitschwerdt, Edward B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Americas - epidemiology
Babesia
Babesia - genetics
Babesia - isolation & purification
Babesia odocoilei
Babesiosis
Babesiosis - complications
Babesiosis - epidemiology
Babesiosis - parasitology
Bartonella
Bartonella - genetics
Bartonella - isolation & purification
Bartonella Infections - complications
Bartonella Infections - epidemiology
Bartonella Infections - microbiology
Causes of
Co-infection
Coinfection - epidemiology
Coinfection - microbiology
Coinfection - parasitology
Comorbidity
Distribution
Epidemiology
Fatigue
Female
Health aspects
Humans
Identification and classification
Infection
Male
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Middle Aged
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
Risk factors
Zoonoses
Zoonotic diseases
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Summary:In recent years, Babesia and Bartonella species co-infections in patients with chronic, nonspecific illnesses have continued to challenge and change the collective medical understanding of "individual pathogen" vector-borne infectious disease dynamics, pathogenesis and epidemiology. The objective of this case series is to provide additional molecular documentation of Babesia odocoilei infection in humans in the Americas and to emphasize the potential for co-infection with a Bartonella species. The development of improved and more sensitive molecular diagnostic techniques, as confirmatory methods to assess active infection, has provided increasing clarity to the healthcare community. Using a combination of different molecular diagnostic approaches, infection with Babesia odocoilei was confirmed in seven people suffering chronic non-specific symptoms, of whom six were co-infected with one or more Bartonella species. We conclude that infection with Babesia odocoilei is more frequent than previously documented and can occur in association with co-infection with Bartonella spp.
ISSN:1756-3305
1756-3305
DOI:10.1186/s13071-024-06385-4