Probabilistic Load Flow–Based Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generators

• Published in: Energies (Basel) 2021-12, Vol.14 (23), p.7857
• Main Authors: Hossain, Ferdous Al, Rokonuzzaman, Md, Amin, Nowshad, Zhang, Jianmin, Mishu, Mahmuda Khatun, Tan, Wen-Shan, Islam, Md. Rabiul, Roy, Rajib Baran
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Conductors; Distributed generation; distributed generation (DG); distribution network (DN); Electric power distribution; Electric power loss; Electrical loads; Electricity distribution; Energy demand; Genetic algorithms; Historical account; Linear programming; Load distribution; location optimization; Methods; Monte Carlo simulation; Objective function; Operating costs; Optimization; Optimization techniques; Overcurrent; Power flow; probabilistic load flow (PLF); Random variables; Reactive power; Sizing; Voltage; Voltage stability
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en14237857

Distributed generation (DG) is gaining importance as electrical energy demand increases. DG is used to decrease power losses, operating costs, and improve voltage stability. Most DG resources have less environmental impact. In a particular region, the sizing and location of DG resources significantly affect the planned DG integrated distribution network (DN). The voltage profiles of the DN will change or even become excessively increased. An enormous DG active power, inserted into an improper node of the distribution network, may bring a larger current greater than the conductor’s maximum value, resulting in an overcurrent distribution network. Therefore, DG sizing and DG location optimization is required for a systematic DG operation to fully exploit distributed energy and achieve mutual energy harmony across existing distribution networks, which creates an economically viable, secure, stable, and dependable power distribution system. DG needs to access the location and capacity for rational planning. The objective function of this paper is to minimize the sum of investment cost, operation cost, and line loss cost utilizing DG access. The probabilistic power flow calculation technique based on the two-point estimation method is chosen for this paper’s load flow computation. The location and size of the DG distribution network are determined using a genetic algorithm in a MATLAB environment. For the optimum solution, the actual power load is estimated using historical data. The proposed system is based on the China distribution system, and the currency is used in Yuan. After DG access, active and reactive power losses are reduced by 53% and 26%, respectively. The line operating cost and the total annual cost are decreased by 53.7% and 12%, respectively.