A prospective study of the relationship between illness perception, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients

• Published in: Cancer medicine (Malden, MA) MA), 2024-02, Vol.13 (3), p.e6906-n/a
• Main Authors: Ames, Steven C., Lange, Lori, Ames, Gretchen E., Heckman, Michael G., White, Launia J., Roy, Vivek, Foran, James M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Allografts; Anxiety; Anxiety disorders; behavioral science; cancer stem cells; Cancer therapies; Generalized anxiety disorder; Hematopoietic stem cells; Hospitalization; Illnesses; Likert scale; Mental depression; Mental health; Missing data; Patients; Perception; QOL; Quality of life; Questionnaires; Risk factors; Stem cell transplantation
• ISSN: 2045-7634; 2045-7634
• DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6906

Aim The aim of study was to investigate whether depression and anxiety symptoms and illness perception prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) predict health related quality of life (HRQOL) at Day 100 and 1 year following HSCT. Methods A total of 205 patients who underwent HSCT (N = 127 autologous transplants, N = 78 allogeneic transplants) were included in this prospective study. Baseline assessment was assessed prior to transplantation and post HSCT data were collected at Day 100 and 1 year. At baseline we assessed depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7), illness perception (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire), and HRQOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐BMT). Results Patients who expressed a greater level of concern about the severity, course, and ability to exert control over one's illness (i.e., illness perception) and who reported a greater level of depression and anxiety symptoms prior to HSCT reported lower HRQOL at both Day 100 and 1 year posttransplant, with a similar degree of association observed at the two follow‐up time points. Conclusions Our findings suggest that pretransplant perceptions about their illness and negative mood are significant predictors of HRQOL following HSCT. Illness perception, depression, and anxiety are potentially modifiable risk factors for less than optimal outcome after HCSCT and intervention strategies should be explored. While HSCT continues to remain a promising form of treatment and advances in transplant medicine have led to reduced morbidity and mortality from HSCT, HRQOL remains an important consideration. Our study suggests that addressing possibly modifiable psychological risk factors prior to and/or during recovery from HSCT has the potential to improve this important aspect of patient experience during transplant and also health outcomes.