Astrocyte Hypertrophy Contributes to Aberrant Neurogenesis after Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a widespread epidemic with severe cognitive, affective, and behavioral consequences. TBIs typically result in a relatively rapid inflammatory and neuroinflammatory response. A major component of the neuroinflammatory response is astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neural Plasticity 2016-01, Vol.2016 (2016), p.161-170-013
Main Authors: Robinson, Clark, Shapiro, Lee A., Apgar, Christopher
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal cognition
Animals
Antibodies
Astrocytes - cytology
Brain Injuries, Traumatic - pathology
Brain Injuries, Traumatic - physiopathology
Cell Proliferation - physiology
Convulsions & seizures
Cytokines
Dentate Gyrus - metabolism
Dentate Gyrus - pathology
Disease Models, Animal
Mice
Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis - physiology
Neurons
Neurons - metabolism
Traumatic brain injury
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Summary:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a widespread epidemic with severe cognitive, affective, and behavioral consequences. TBIs typically result in a relatively rapid inflammatory and neuroinflammatory response. A major component of the neuroinflammatory response is astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the brain. Astrocytes are important in maintaining the integrity of neuronal functioning, and it is possible that astrocyte hypertrophy after TBIs might contribute to pathogenesis. The hippocampus is a unique brain region, because neurogenesis persists in adults. Accumulating evidence supports the functional importance of these newborn neurons and their associated astrocytes. Alterations to either of these cell types can influence neuronal functioning. To determine if hypertrophied astrocytes might negatively influence immature neurons in the dentate gyrus, astrocyte and newborn neurons were analyzed at 30 days following a TBI in mice. The results demonstrate a loss of radial glial-like processes extending through the granule cell layer after TBI, as well as ectopic growth and migration of immature dentate neurons. The results further show newborn neurons in close association with hypertrophied astrocytes, suggesting a role for the astrocytes in aberrant neurogenesis. Future studies are needed to determine the functional significance of these alterations to the astrocyte/immature neurons after TBI.
ISSN:0792-8483
2090-5904
1687-5443
DOI:10.1155/2016/1347987