Type-II tRNAs and Evolution of Translation Systems and the Genetic Code

Because tRNA is the core biological intellectual property that was necessary to evolve translation systems, tRNAomes, ribosomes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and the genetic code, the evolution of tRNA is the core story in evolution of life on earth. We have previously described the evolution of type...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2018-10, Vol.19 (10), p.3275
Main Authors: Kim, Yunsoo, Kowiatek, Bruce, Opron, Kristopher, Burton, Zachary F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological evolution
Biological properties
Evolution
evolution of translation systems
evolution of tRNA
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic code
Genetic Code - genetics
Homology
Inspection
Intellectual property
minihelices
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Ribosomes
RNA, Transfer - chemistry
RNA, Transfer - genetics
Translation
tRNA
type-II tRNA
V loop
V loop-acceptor stem homology
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Summary:Because tRNA is the core biological intellectual property that was necessary to evolve translation systems, tRNAomes, ribosomes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and the genetic code, the evolution of tRNA is the core story in evolution of life on earth. We have previously described the evolution of type-I tRNAs. Here, we use the same model to describe the evolution of type-II tRNAs, with expanded V loops. The models are strongly supported by inspection of typical tRNA diagrams, measuring lengths of V loop expansions, and analyzing the homology of V loop sequences to tRNA acceptor stems. Models for tRNA evolution provide a pathway for the inanimate-to-animate transition and for the evolution of translation systems, the genetic code, and cellular life.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms19103275