Nanoencapsulation of Anthocyanins from Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata f. rubra) through Coacervation of Whey Protein Isolate and Apple High Methoxyl Pectin

Encapsulation is a valuable strategy to protect and deliver anthocyanins (ACNs), phenolic compounds with outstanding antioxidant capacity but limited stability. In this study, coacervation was used to encapsulate an ACN-rich red cabbage extract (RCE). Two agri-food by-product polymers, whey protein...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants 2023-09, Vol.12 (9), p.1757
Main Authors: Fierri, Ilaria, De Marchi, Laura, Chignola, Roberto, Rossin, Giacomo, Bellumori, Maria, Perbellini, Anna, Mancini, Ines, Romeo, Alessandro, Ischia, Gloria, Saorin, Asia, Mainente, Federica, Zoccatelli, Gianni
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acylation
Anthocyanin
Anthocyanins
Antioxidants
Brassica oleracea
Coacervation
Efficiency
Encapsulation
Glycosylation
high-methoxyl pectin
Ions
Milk proteins
Nanoparticles
Pectin
Phenolic compounds
Proteins
red cabbage
Whey protein
whey protein isolate
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Summary:Encapsulation is a valuable strategy to protect and deliver anthocyanins (ACNs), phenolic compounds with outstanding antioxidant capacity but limited stability. In this study, coacervation was used to encapsulate an ACN-rich red cabbage extract (RCE). Two agri-food by-product polymers, whey protein isolate (WPI) and apple high-methoxyl pectin (HMP), were blended at pH 4.0 in a specific ratio to induce the formation of nanoparticles (NPs). The process optimisation yielded a monodispersed population (PDI < 0.200) of negatively charged (−17 mV) NPs with an average diameter of 380 nm. RCE concentration influenced size, charge, and antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner. NPs were also sensitive to pH increases from 4 to 7, showing a progressive breakdown. The encapsulation efficiency was 30%, with the retention of ACNs within the polymeric matrix being influenced by their chemical structure: diacylated and/or C3-triglucoside forms were more efficiently encapsulated than monoacylated C3-diglucosides. In conclusion, we report a promising, simple, and sustainable method to produce monodispersed NPs for ACN encapsulation and delivery. Evidence of differential binding of ACNs to NPs, dependent on specific acylation/glycosylation patterns, indicates that care must be taken in the choice of the appropriate NP formulation for the encapsulation of phenolic compounds.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox12091757